Describing a Line of Reasoning · 描述推理线索
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| line of reasoning/laɪn ɒv ˈriːzənɪŋ/ | 推理线索 | tuī lǐ xiàn suǒ |
| Flaws in a line of reasoning may render an argument specious or illogical | 似是而非 | sì shì ér fēi |
An essay whose paragraphs could be shuffled has no reasoning
- Take any argument and swap two body paragraphs. If nothing breaks, there was no path.
- A line of reasoning 推理线索 is a path, not a pile.
- Reading for it means reconstructing the path the writer walked.
If your paragraphs can swap seats without anyone noticing, your argument is a waiting room, not a journey.
段落可以随意调换的文章没有推理
- 拿任何一篇论证,把两个主体段落对调。如果什么也没破坏,那就本来没有路径。
- 推理线索(line of reasoning)是一条路径,不是一堆材料。
- 为它而读,就是重建写作者所走过的那条路。
如果段落随便换座也没人发现，你写出的更像候车室，而不是有路线的论证。
Two legitimate orders
- Writers may lead readers through a line of reasoning and then arrive at a thesis.
- Or they may express a claim and then develop a line of reasoning to justify it.
- Both are valid — do not assume the thesis-first shape you were taught to write.
两种合法的顺序
- 写作者可以引领读者沿一条推理线索前行,最后抵达论点。
- 也可以先表述一项主张,再展开推理线索为之辩护。
- 两者都成立——不要假定文本一定是你被教着去写的那种"论点先行"的形态。
A text must state its thesis before developing its reasoning. · 文本必须在展开推理之前陈述其论点。
The CED allows both orders: build to the thesis, or state it and then justify it. · CED允许两种顺序：构建至论点，或先陈述论点再予以论证。
What holds the path together
- Writers explain their reasoning through commentary that connects chosen evidence to a claim.
- Commentary explains the significance and relevance of evidence in relation to the line of reasoning.
- Without it a text has claims and evidence in the same place but no path between them.
是什么把这条路径连起来
- 写作者通过把所选证据与主张连接起来的评述来解释自己的推理。
- 评述说明证据相对于推理线索的重要性与相关性。
- 没有它,文本中主张与证据虽在同一处,却没有连通两者的路径。
Select all · 所有 that commentary does along a line of reasoning. · 选择评论沿推理线索所作的所有工作。
Commentary explains evidence; it never replaces it. · 评论解释证据；它从不取代证据。
Do not assume a text puts its thesis first. The CED explicitly allows a writer to lead the reader through the reasoning and arrive at the thesis — an essay read on that assumption will locate the wrong sentence and misdescribe the whole argument.
不要假定文本会把论点放在最前面。CED 明确允许写作者引领读者走完推理、最后抵达论点——带着那种假定去读,会定位到错误的句子,并对整个论证作出错误的描述。
Path, pile, or flaw? · 路径、堆叠，还是缺陷？
Sort each essay structure by what it has. · 按每篇文章结构所包含的内容进行分类。
The practical tool for finding a line of reasoning is to... · 查找推理线索的实用工具是……
The sequence of paragraphs reveals the reasoning, so the list of summaries is the path. · 段落顺序揭示了推理过程，因此摘要列表即为路径。
The tool for reading it
- The sequence of paragraphs in a text reveals the argument's line of reasoning.
- So: write one sentence per paragraph, then read the list you have made.
- The list is the reasoning, stripped of everything else.
阅读它的工具
- 文本中段落的先后顺序显示了论证的推理线索。
- 因此:给每一段写一句概括,再读一遍你做出的这份清单。
- 这份清单就是剥去其余一切之后的推理。
An argument with a flawed line of reasoning may be called ____ or illogical. · 推理线索存在缺陷的论证可能被称为____或不合逻辑。
A flaw is a step that does not follow, not a false fact. · 缺陷是指推导步骤缺失，而非事实错误。
Match each essay feature to what it shows. · 将每篇文章特征与其含义匹配。
Order is the evidence: if it does not matter, there was no path. · 顺序即是证据：如果顺序无关紧要，则不存在路径。
Flaws in a line of reasoning
- Flaws in a line of reasoning may render an argument specious or illogical 似是而非.
- A flaw is not a false fact — it is a step that does not follow from the one before.
- Naming which step fails is what an analysis of reasoning is.
推理线索中的缺陷
- 推理线索中的缺陷会使论证变得似是而非(specious)或不合逻辑。
- 缺陷不是某个虚假的事实——它是一个无法从前一步推出的步骤。
- 点出哪一步不成立,正是对推理的分析。
Summarise a five-paragraph column one sentence at a time and you get: problem exists → the usual explanation → why it fails → what the evidence actually shows → therefore. That list is the line of reasoning, and the thesis is the last item, not the first.
把一篇五段的专栏逐段各写一句概括,得到的是:问题存在 → 通常的解释 → 它为何不成立 → 证据实际显示了什么 → 因此。这份清单就是推理线索,而论点是最后一项,不是第一项。
A line of reasoning is a path, and the sequence of paragraphs reveals it. A writer may build to the thesis or state it first — both are valid. Commentary connects evidence to claims along the path, and a flaw is a step that does not follow, not a false fact.
推理线索是一条路径,而段落的先后顺序显示了它。写作者可以逐步走向论点,也可以先陈述论点——两者都成立。评述沿这条路径把证据与主张连接起来,而缺陷是一个推不出的步骤,不是一个虚假的事实。