Safe Computing · 安全计算
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| personally identifiable information/ˈpɜːsənəli aɪˈdentɪfaɪəbl ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ | 个人身份信息 | gè rén shēn fèn xìn xī |
| Phishing/ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ | 网络钓鱼 | wǎng luò diào yú |
| Malware/ˈmælweə/ | 恶意软件 | è yì ruǎn jiàn |
| encryption/enˈkrɪpʃn/ | 加密 | jiā mì |
| Symmetric/sɪˈmetrɪk/ | 对称 | duì chèn |
| Asymmetric/ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk/ | 非对称 | fēi duì chèn |
| authentication/ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 身份验证 | shēn fèn yàn zhèng |
Guard your personal information
- Staying safe online starts with guarding your personally identifiable information 个人身份信息 (PII).
- That is data like your name, address, ID number, or location.
- Such data can identify you and be misused if exposed.
- Think before you share it.
守护你的个人信息
- 在线保持安全,从守护你的个人身份信息(personally identifiable information,PII)开始。
- 那是像你的名字、地址、身份证号或位置这样的数据。
- 这样的数据能识别你,如果暴露就可能被滥用。
- 分享它之前先想一想。
Personally identifiable information (PII) includes: · 个人身份信息(PII)包括:
PII can identify you and be misused if exposed. · PII 能识别你,如果暴露就可能被滥用。
Common threats
- Phishing 网络钓鱼: fake messages that trick you into revealing passwords or card numbers.
- Malware 恶意软件: harmful software that damages or spies on a device.
- Social engineering: manipulating people rather than machines into giving up secrets.
- Most attacks target the human, not just the computer.
常见威胁
- 网络钓鱼(phishing):假消息骗你透露密码或卡号。
- 恶意软件(malware):损害或窥探设备的有害软件。
- 社会工程:操纵人而非机器交出秘密。
- 大多数攻击针对人,而不只是计算机。
A threat, or a defence? · 一个威胁,还是一个防御?
Phishing, malware, and social engineering are threats; encryption and strong authentication are defences that keep data and accounts safe. · 网络钓鱼、恶意软件和社会工程是威胁;加密和强身份验证是保护数据和账户安全的防御。
Phishing is: · 网络钓鱼是:
Phishing targets the person, not just the machine. · 网络钓鱼针对人,而不只是机器。
Encoding data so only authorised users can read it is called . · 编码数据,让只有授权用户能读它,叫。
Encryption is a key defence for data. · 加密是数据的一个关键防御。
Match each encryption type to its keys. · 把每种加密类型与它的密钥配对。
Asymmetric solves the problem of sharing a secret key safely. · 非对称解决安全共享秘密密钥的问题。
Asymmetric encryption solves the key-sharing problem and is how secure websites work. · 非对称加密解决密钥共享问题,是安全网站工作的方式。
A public key locks; only the private key unlocks. · 公钥加锁;只有私钥解锁。
Encryption
- A key defence is encryption 加密 — encoding data so only authorised users can read it.
- Symmetric 对称 encryption uses a single shared key to both lock and unlock. Fast, but both sides must share the secret safely.
- Asymmetric 非对称 encryption uses a pair of keys: a public key anyone can use to lock, and a private key only the receiver has to unlock.
- Asymmetric solves the key-sharing problem — it is how secure websites work.
加密
- 一个关键防御是加密(encryption)——编码数据,让只有授权用户能读它。
- 对称(symmetric)加密用单个共享密钥来加锁和解锁。快,但双方必须安全地共享秘密。
- 非对称(asymmetric)加密用一对密钥:任何人都能用来加锁的公钥,和只有接收方拥有、用来解锁的私钥。
- 非对称解决密钥共享问题——这是安全网站工作的方式。
Why does two-factor authentication help even if your password is stolen? · 为什么即使你的密码被盗,双因素身份验证也有帮助?
A second factor is still required, adding a layer of safety. · 仍需要第二个因素,增加一层安全。
Safe habits
- Apply strong authentication 身份验证 — hard passwords and two-factor login.
- Be cautious about sharing personal data.
A secure website. When you see the padlock, your browser and the server use asymmetric encryption to safely agree on a shared secret, then switch to fast symmetric encryption for the rest. An attacker who intercepts the traffic sees only scrambled data. Add a strong password and two-factor login, and a stolen password alone still won't unlock your account.
安全习惯
- 应用强的身份验证(authentication)——难的密码和双因素登录。
- 对分享个人数据保持谨慎。
一个安全网站。 当你看到挂锁,你的浏览器和服务器用非对称加密安全地商定一个共享秘密,然后切换到快速的对称加密处理其余部分。一个拦截流量的攻击者只看到打乱的数据。加一个强密码和双因素登录,单靠一个被盗的密码仍然打不开你的账户。
Safe computing starts with guarding your PII. Watch for threats — phishing, malware, and social engineering. Defend with encryption: symmetric (one shared key, fast) and asymmetric (public + private keys, solves key sharing, powers secure sites). Add strong authentication like two-factor login.
安全计算从守护你的 PII 开始。当心威胁——网络钓鱼、恶意软件和社会工程。用加密防御:对称(一个共享密钥,快)和非对称(公钥+私钥,解决密钥共享,驱动安全网站)。加上强的身份验证,像双因素登录。