Simulations · 模拟程序
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| simulation/ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 模拟程序 | mó nǐ chéng xù |
| phenomenon/fɪˈnɒmɪnən/ | 现象 | xiàn xiàng |
| abstraction/əbˈstrækʃn/ | 抽象 | chōu xiàng |
| Reduced risk/rɪˈdjuːst rɪsk/ | 风险 | fēng xiǎn |
| randomness/ˈrændəmnəs/ | 随机性 | suí jī xìng |
| limitations/ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃnz/ | 局限性 | jú xiàn xìng |
Modeling the real world
- A simulation 模拟程序 is a program that models a real-world phenomenon 现象.
- That could be weather, traffic, or the spread of a disease.
- It lets you study something without doing it for real.
- A simulation is a model you can run.
为真实世界建模
- 一个模拟程序(simulation)是一个为真实世界的现象(phenomenon)建模的程序。
- 那可能是天气、交通,或疾病的传播。
- 它让你研究某物,而不必真的去做。
- 一个模拟程序是一个你能运行的模型。
A simulation is a program that: · 一个模拟程序是一个:
It represents something real, like weather or traffic. · 它表示某个真实的东西,像天气或交通。
Simulations simplify
- Simulations use abstraction 抽象 to simplify and represent reality.
- A traffic simulation models cars and roads but ignores each car's colour.
- That detail does not affect traffic flow, so it is left out.
- Keeping only what matters makes the model runnable.
模拟程序简化
- 模拟程序用抽象(abstraction)来简化和表示现实。
- 一个交通模拟为汽车和道路建模,但忽略每辆车的颜色。
- 那个细节不影响交通流,所以被省略。
- 只保留重要的东西让模型能运行。
Benefit or limitation of a simulation? · 模拟的好处还是局限?
Simulations are cheaper, safer, and faster than real trials, but they leave out details, so every model has limitations. · 模拟比真实试验更便宜、更安全、更快,但它们省略细节,所以每个模型都有局限。
A traffic simulation ignores each car's colour because: · 一个交通模拟忽略每辆车的颜色,因为:
Abstraction simplifies reality to what the model needs. · 抽象把现实简化到模型所需。
Which are benefits of a simulation over a real trial? (Select all that apply) · 哪些是模拟相对于真实试验的好处?(选出所有正确项)
A model is never perfectly accurate — that is its limitation. · 一个模型从不完全精确——那是它的局限。
Why simulate
- Lower cost. Testing a bridge design in software is far cheaper than building a real one.
- Reduced risk 风险. You can crash a virtual car many times with no danger to anyone.
- Speed and scale. Run years of change in seconds, or test thousands of cases.
- These are the real advantages over a physical trial.
为什么模拟
- 更低的成本。 在软件里测试一个桥梁设计比建一座真桥便宜得多。
- 降低的风险(risk)。 你能把一辆虚拟车撞许多次,对任何人都没有危险。
- 速度与规模。 在几秒里运行多年的变化,或测试成千上万个案例。
- 这些是相对于实物试验的真正优势。
Adding randomness can make a simulation more realistic. · 添加随机性能让模拟更真实。
Real events are not perfectly predictable, so randomness helps. · 真实事件不是完全可预测的,所以随机性有帮助。
The details and assumptions a model leaves out cause its . · 一个模型省略的细节和假设造成它的。
A model is only as good as the choices about what to include. · 一个模型的好坏取决于包含什么的选择。
A dice-game simulation assuming perfectly fair dice is an example of a: · 一个假设骰子完全公平的骰子游戏模拟是什么的例子:
The simplifying assumption is where the model differs from reality. · 简化假设是模型与现实不同之处。
Randomness and limits
- Adding randomness 随机性 makes a simulation more realistic, since real events are not perfectly predictable.
- But every simulation has limitations 局限性, from the details it leaves out.
Dice game. A program rolls two dice 10,000 times and counts totals of 7 — far cheaper and faster than real dice, and randomness makes each run realistic. But it assumes the dice are perfectly fair; a slightly weighted real dice would differ. That gap is a limitation.
随机性与局限
- 添加随机性(randomness)让模拟更真实,因为真实事件不是完全可预测的。
- 但每个模拟都有局限性(limitations),来自它省略的细节。
骰子游戏。 一个程序掷两个骰子 10,000 次并统计总和为 7 的次数——比真骰子便宜快得多,随机性让每次运行真实。但它假设骰子完全公平;一个略微加重的真骰子会不同。那个差距是一个局限。
A simulation models a real-world phenomenon, using abstraction to keep only what matters. It wins on lower cost, reduced risk, and speed/scale, and randomness adds realism. But every model has limitations from the assumptions and details it leaves out.
一个模拟程序为真实世界的现象建模,用抽象只保留重要的东西。它在更低成本、降低的风险和速度/规模上取胜,随机性添加真实感。但每个模型都有来自它省略的假设和细节的局限性。