Coupled Reactions · 偶联反应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| coupled reactions/ˈkʌpld rɪˈækʃnz/ | 偶联反应 | ǒu lián fǎn yìng |
Powering the impossible
- Some useful reactions simply will not run on their own.
- But hitch them to a strongly favourable one, and they go.
- The favourable partner supplies the extra push.
- Life runs almost entirely on this trick.
驱动看似不可能的反应
- 有些有用的反应根本不会自己进行。
- 但把它们挂到一个强烈有利的反应上,它们就进行了。
- 那个有利的搭档提供额外的推动。
- 生命几乎全靠这个技巧运转。
Linking two reactions
- Coupled reactions 偶联反应 let a favourable one drive an unfavourable one.
- Add their free energies: the total must be negative.
- The favourable reaction "pays for" the unfavourable one.
把两个反应联系起来
- 偶联反应让一个有利的反应驱动一个不利的反应。
- 把它们的自由能相加:总和必须为负。
- 有利的反应"替"不利的反应"买单"。
Coupling lets a favourable reaction drive one that is... · 偶联使一个有利的反应能够驱动一个本身...
A favourable partner supplies the free energy to drive an unfavourable one. · 有利的伴侣提供自由能以驱动一个不利的反应。
The free energies add
- Coupled reactions share an intermediate, so they combine.
- $\Delta G_{total} = \Delta G_1 + \Delta G_2$.
- As long as the sum is negative, the pair proceeds.
自由能相加
- 偶联反应共享一个中间体,所以它们结合起来。
- $\Delta G_{total} = \Delta G_1 + \Delta G_2$。
- 只要总和为负,这一对就进行。
The free energies of coupled reactions add together. · 偶联反应的自由能相加。
$\Delta G_{total} = \Delta G_1 + \Delta G_2$.
A coupled pair proceeds only if the ____ free energy is negative. · 只有当 ____ 自由能为负时，偶联对才能进行。
The sum of the two free energies must be negative. · 两种自由能的总和必须为负。
ATP powers the cell
- Cells couple unfavourable reactions to breaking down ATP.
- ATP's strongly negative $\Delta G$ drives the whole set.
- This is how bodies build molecules against the odds.
ATP 为细胞供能
- 细胞把不利的反应与 ATP 的分解偶联。
- ATP 强烈为负的 $\Delta G$ 驱动整套反应。
- 这就是身体如何逆势合成分子。
Coupled reactions · 偶联反应
A favourable reaction can drive an unfavourable one if they share an intermediate. · 如果一个有利反应与一个不利反应共享中间产物，前者可驱动后者。
Cells couple unfavourable reactions to the breakdown of ATP. · 细胞将不利的反应与 ATP 的分解偶联。
ATP's large negative $\Delta G$ drives many cellular reactions. · ATP 的大负值 $\Delta G$ 驱动了许多细胞反应。
Reaction A has $\Delta G = +20$; reaction B has $\Delta G = -50$. Coupled, do they run?
- Total: $+20 + (-50) = -30$.
- Negative overall, so yes, the pair runs.
反应 A 的 $\Delta G = +20$;反应 B 的 $\Delta G = -50$。偶联后它们进行吗?
- 总和:$+20 + (-50) = -30$。
- 整体为负,所以是的,这一对进行。
Reaction A has $\Delta G = +15$; reaction B has $\Delta G = -40$. The total $\Delta G$ coupled? · 反应 A 具有 $\Delta G = +15$；反应 B 具有 $\Delta G = -40$。耦合后的总 $\Delta G$ 是多少？
$15 + (-40) = -25$, so the pair is favourable. · $15 + (-40) = -25$，因此该组合是有利的。
For two reactions to be coupled, they must share a... · 要使两个反应偶联，它们必须共享一个...
A shared intermediate links the two reactions. · 共同的中间产物将两个反应连接起来。
Coupling works only when the reactions share a common intermediate -- you cannot just add any two. The favourable reaction's $\Delta G$ must be negative enough to outweigh the unfavourable one. And the total $\Delta G$, not each piece, decides whether the coupled pair runs.
偶联只有在两个反应共享一个共同中间体时才起作用——你不能随便把任意两个相加。有利反应的 $\Delta G$ 必须足够负,以压过不利的那个。而且是总 $\Delta G$、而非每一部分,决定偶联对是否进行。
Coupled reactions let a strongly favourable reaction drive an unfavourable one through a shared intermediate. Their free energies add: as long as $\Delta G_{total} = \Delta G_1 + \Delta G_2 < 0$, the pair proceeds. Cells use ATP breakdown to power reactions this way.
偶联反应让一个强烈有利的反应通过共享的中间体驱动一个不利的反应。它们的自由能相加:只要 $\Delta G_{total} = \Delta G_1 + \Delta G_2 < 0$,这一对就进行。细胞用 ATP 的分解以这种方式为反应供能。