Buffer Capacity · 缓冲容量
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| buffer capacity/ˈbʌfə kəˈpæsɪti/ | 缓冲容量 | huǎn chōng róng liàng |
How much can it take?
- Every protector has a limit before it gives out.
- A dilute mixture tires quickly; a concentrated one holds firm.
- Its reserves decide how much shock it can absorb.
- Beyond that limit, the pH finally lurches.
它能承受多少?
- 每个保护者在失效之前都有一个极限。
- 稀的混合物很快疲惫;浓的则稳稳顶住。
- 它的储备决定它能吸收多少冲击。
- 超过那个极限,pH 终于猛地一跳。
The reserve strength
- Buffer capacity 缓冲容量 is how much acid or base a buffer can absorb.
- A higher capacity resists larger additions.
- Exceed it, and the pH swings sharply.
储备的强度
- 缓冲容量是缓冲溶液能吸收多少酸或碱。
- 更高的容量抵抗更大的加入量。
- 超过它,pH 就急剧摆动。
Once a buffer's capacity is exceeded, the pH changes sharply. · 一旦缓冲容量被超过，pH会急剧变化。
The buffer fails and can no longer resist the change. · 缓冲溶液失效，无法再抵抗变化。
More concentrated, more capacity
- Higher concentrations of both components give a larger capacity.
- More reserve means more added acid or base can be neutralized.
- Dilute buffers run out quickly.
越浓,容量越大
- 两种成分浓度更高,给出更大的容量。
- 更多储备意味着能中和更多加入的酸或碱。
- 稀的缓冲溶液很快耗尽。
A more concentrated buffer has a... · 浓度更高的缓冲溶液具有……
More of both components means more can be absorbed. · 两种组分量越多，能吸收的物质就越多。
A dilute buffer runs out of capacity more quickly than a concentrated one. · 稀缓冲溶液比浓缓冲溶液更快地耗尽容量。
Less reserve means it is overwhelmed sooner. · 储备较少意味着它会更早被耗尽。
Buffer capacity increases with the ____ of the buffer components. · 缓冲容量随缓冲组分的____增加而增加。
Higher concentrations provide more reserve. · 较高浓度提供更多储备。
Balanced is best
- Capacity is greatest when acid and base are about equal.
- A lopsided buffer runs out on one side first.
- So near $\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$, the capacity peaks.
平衡时最好
- 当酸和碱大致相等时,容量最大。
- 一边倒的缓冲溶液会先在一侧耗尽。
- 所以在 $\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$ 附近,容量达到峰值。
Buffer capacity is greatest when the ratio of acid to base is about... · 当酸与碱的比值约为……时，缓冲容量最大。
A balanced 1:1 buffer handles both directions best. · 平衡的1:1缓冲溶液最好应对两个方向的变化。
Which buffer resists more added acid: $1.0\ \text{M}$ or $0.01\ \text{M}$ (same ratio)?
- The $1.0\ \text{M}$ buffer has far more reserve.
- So it resists more added acid -- a higher capacity.
哪个缓冲溶液能抵抗更多加入的酸:$1.0\ \text{M}$ 还是 $0.01\ \text{M}$(比例相同)?
- $1.0\ \text{M}$ 的缓冲溶液储备多得多。
- 所以它抵抗更多加入的酸——容量更高。
What raises buffer capacity? · 什么提高了缓冲容量？
Sort each buffer by whether it resists more or less added acid/base. · 根据各缓冲溶液抵抗更多或更少加入的酸/碱，对其进行排序。
Two buffers have the same pH. Do they necessarily have the same capacity? · 两个缓冲溶液具有相同的pH。它们是否必然具有相同的容量？
Same pH (ratio) can hide very different concentrations. · 相同的pH（比值）可能掩盖截然不同的浓度。
Buffer capacity is about the amount of buffer (its concentration), not just the ratio -- two buffers can share a pH but have very different capacities. It peaks at a 1:1 ratio ($\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$). And once the capacity is exceeded, the buffer fails and the pH jumps.
缓冲容量关乎缓冲溶液的量(浓度),而不仅是比例——两个缓冲溶液可以共享同一 pH,却有非常不同的容量。它在 1:1 比例($\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$)时达到峰值。而且一旦超过容量,缓冲溶液就失效,pH 跳变。
Buffer capacity is how much acid or base a buffer can absorb before failing. It rises with the concentration of both components and peaks when they are balanced ($\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$). Two buffers can share a pH yet differ greatly in capacity.
缓冲容量是缓冲溶液在失效前能吸收多少酸或碱。它随两种成分的浓度升高,并在两者平衡($\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a$)时达到峰值。两个缓冲溶液可以共享同一 pH,容量却大不相同。