Direction of Reversible Reactions · 可逆反应的方向
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| reversible reaction/rɪˈvɜːsɪbl rɪˈækʃn/ | 可逆反应 | kě nì fǎn yìng |
A two-way street
- Most reactions we meet run one way to completion.
- But many can run backward too, remaking their starters.
- A double arrow marks a reaction that goes both ways.
- Which way it leans depends on the conditions.
双向的街道
- 我们遇到的大多数反应都单向进行到底。
- 但许多反应也能倒着进行,重新生成它们的起始物。
- 一个双箭头标记着一个双向进行的反应。
- 它偏向哪一边取决于条件。
Forward and reverse
- A reversible reaction 可逆反应 can proceed in both directions.
- The forward reaction makes products; the reverse remakes reactants.
- We write it with a double arrow $\rightleftharpoons$.
正向与逆向
- 可逆反应能在两个方向进行。
- 正反应生成产物;逆反应重新生成反应物。
- 我们用双箭头 $\rightleftharpoons$ 来写它。
The symbol $\rightleftharpoons$ in an equation means the reaction is... · 方程中的符号 $\rightleftharpoons$ 表示该反应是...
A double arrow marks a reversible reaction. · 双箭头标记可逆反应。
Leaning one way
- Conditions push the balance toward products or toward reactants.
- Adding reactants drives it forward; adding products drives it back.
- The net direction is whichever is currently faster.
偏向一边
- 条件把平衡推向产物或推向反应物。
- 加入反应物使它正向进行;加入产物使它逆向。
- 净方向是当前更快的那一个。
Adding more reactant to a reversible reaction shifts it toward... · 向可逆反应中加入更多反应物会使平衡向...
Extra reactant speeds the forward reaction, making more products. · 额外的反应物加速正反应，生成更多产物。
Adding a product to a system at equilibrium shifts the reaction... · 向平衡体系中加入产物会使反应...
Adding a substance drives the reaction away from it. · 加入某种物质会使反应远离该物质。
Settling into equilibrium
- As products build up, the reverse reaction speeds up.
- Eventually the two rates match and equilibrium sets in.
- The reaction then holds steady, leaning wherever it settled.
稳定进入平衡
- 随着产物积累,逆反应加速。
- 最终两个速率相等,平衡建立起来。
- 反应于是保持稳定,偏向它停下来的那一边。
Which way will it go? · 它将向哪个方向进行？
Compare the reaction quotient Q with K to predict the direction. · 比较反应商 Q 与 K 以预测方向。
In a reversible reaction, only one direction ever runs at a time. · 在可逆反应中，同一时间只有一个方向在进行。
Both directions always run; the net change is the difference. · 两个方向始终同时进行；净变化是两者的差值。
As products build up, the ____ reaction speeds up. · 随着产物积累，____ 反应加速。
More product raises the reverse rate until it matches the forward. · 更多产物提高逆反应速率直到与正反应速率匹配。
If you add more reactant to a system at equilibrium, which way does it shift?
- More reactant speeds up the forward reaction.
- So the reaction shifts toward the products.
如果你向平衡系统中加入更多反应物,它会往哪个方向移动?
- 更多反应物使正反应加速。
- 所以反应朝产物移动。
A single arrow ($\to$) usually means the reaction... · 单箭头（$\to$）通常表示该反应...
A single arrow shows a reaction that goes nearly all the way. · 单箭头表示反应几乎进行到底。
A double arrow ($\rightleftharpoons$) means reversible; a single arrow ($\to$) means it goes essentially to completion. The "direction" is the net change -- both reactions always run. And adding a substance drives the reaction away from that substance, toward the other side.
双箭头($\rightleftharpoons$)表示可逆;单箭头($\to$)表示基本进行到底。"方向"指的是净变化——两个反应始终都在进行。而且加入一种物质会把反应推向离开那种物质,朝另一边。
A reversible reaction ($\rightleftharpoons$) runs both forward (making products) and backward (remaking reactants). Conditions tip the net direction, and adding a substance pushes the reaction away from it. As products build, the reverse speeds up until the rates match at equilibrium.
可逆反应($\rightleftharpoons$)既正向进行(生成产物)又逆向进行(重新生成反应物)。条件使净方向倾斜,而加入一种物质会把反应推离它。随着产物积累,逆反应加速,直到速率在平衡处相等。