Types of Chemical Reactions · 化学反应类型
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| synthesis/ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | 化合反应 | huà hé fǎn yìng |
| decomposition/ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ | 分解反应 | fēn jiě fǎn yìng |
| combustion/kəmˈbʌstʃn/ | 燃烧反应 | rán shāo fǎn yìng |
Sorting reactions into families
- Countless reactions exist, but they fall into a few patterns.
- Two things join; one thing splits; partners swap.
- Spot the pattern and you can predict the products.
- A handful of families covers most of what you will see.
把反应分成家族
- 反应无穷无尽,但它们落入几种模式。
- 两样东西合并;一样东西分裂;伙伴互换。
- 认出模式,你就能预测产物。
- 少数几个家族就涵盖了你会见到的大部分。
Joining and splitting
- Synthesis 化合反应 combines two things into one ($A + B \to AB$).
- Decomposition 分解反应 breaks one thing into parts ($AB \to A + B$).
- They are exact opposites.
合并与分裂
- 化合反应把两样东西合成一样($A + B \to AB$)。
- 分解反应把一样东西拆成几部分($AB \to A + B$)。
- 它们正好相反。
$A + B \to AB$ is which type of reaction? · $A + B \to AB$ 属于哪种类型的反应？
Two things combining into one is a synthesis. · 两种物质结合成一种是化合反应。
$AB \to A + B$ is which type? · $AB \to A + B$ 属于哪种类型？
One compound breaking into parts is a decomposition. · 化合物分解成部分是分解反应。
Swapping partners
- Single replacement: one element kicks out another ($A + BC \to AC + B$).
- Double replacement: two compounds swap partners ($AB + CD \to AD + CB$).
- Precipitation and neutralization are double replacements.
交换伙伴
- 置换反应:一种元素把另一种顶替出来($A + BC \to AC + B$)。
- 复分解反应:两种化合物交换伙伴($AB + CD \to AD + CB$)。
- 沉淀和中和都是复分解反应。
Match each pattern to its reaction type. · 将每种模式与其反应类型匹配。
Join, split, and swap are synthesis, decomposition, and double replacement. · 结合、分裂和交换分别是化合、分解和复分解。
A precipitation reaction, where two compounds swap partners, is a ____ replacement. · 沉淀反应中两种化合物交换伙伴，属于 ____ 置换。
Two compounds exchanging ions is a double replacement. · 两种化合物交换离子是复分解反应。
Burning in oxygen
- Combustion 燃烧反应 is a fuel reacting with oxygen and releasing energy.
- A hydrocarbon burns to $\text{CO}_2$ and $\text{H}_2\text{O}$.
- It always needs $\text{O}_2$ and gives off heat.
在氧气中燃烧
- 燃烧反应是燃料与氧气反应并放出能量。
- 碳氢化合物燃烧生成 $\text{CO}_2$ 和 $\text{H}_2\text{O}$。
- 它总是需要 $\text{O}_2$ 并放出热。
Classify the reaction · 分类该反应
Sort each equation by its reaction pattern. · 根据反应模式对每个方程式进行分类。
Every combustion reaction requires... · 每种燃烧反应都需要...
Combustion is a fuel reacting with oxygen. · 燃烧是燃料与氧气的反应。
Classify $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2 \to 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$.
- Two substances combine into one product, so it is a synthesis.
- It is also a combustion, since a fuel reacts with oxygen.
给 $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2 \to 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$ 分类。
- 两种物质合并成一种产物,所以是化合反应。
- 它也是燃烧反应,因为燃料与氧气反应。
A single reaction can belong to more than one type. · 一个反应可能属于多种类型。
Hydrogen burning is both synthesis and combustion. · 氢气燃烧既是化合反应也是燃烧反应。
Some reactions fit more than one family -- hydrogen burning is both synthesis and combustion, and that is fine. Look at the pattern of reactants and products, not just the names. And combustion always involves oxygen; with no $\text{O}_2$, it is not combustion.
有些反应属于不止一个家族——氢燃烧既是化合又是燃烧,这没问题。看反应物和产物的模式,而不仅仅是名字。而且燃烧总是涉及氧气;没有 $\text{O}_2$,就不是燃烧。
Most reactions fall into families: synthesis (join into one), decomposition (split apart), single and double replacement (swap partners), and combustion (fuel plus oxygen). Recognize the pattern to predict products, and remember a reaction can belong to more than one family.
大多数反应落入家族:化合反应(合成一个)、分解反应(拆开)、置换与复分解(交换伙伴)、燃烧反应(燃料加氧气)。认出模式来预测产物,并记住一个反应可以属于不止一个家族。