Responses to the Environment · 对环境的响应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| stimulus/ˈstɪmjʊləs/ | 刺激 | cì jī |
| response/rɪˈspɒns/ | 响应 | xiǎng yìng |
| tropism/ˈtrəʊpɪzəm/ | 向性 | xiàng xìng |
| taxis/ˈtæksiz/ | 趋性 | qū xìng |
Living things react
- Poke an animal and it moves; shine light on a plant and it grows toward it.
- Every organism senses its surroundings and responds.
- Responding to the world is a basic feature of being alive.
- It keeps an organism safe, fed, and in good conditions.
生物会反应
- 戳一下动物,它会动;给植物照光,它会朝光生长。
- 每个生物都感知它的周围环境并做出响应。
- 对世界做出响应,是活着的一个基本特征。
- 它让一个生物保持安全、有食物、处于良好的条件中。
Stimulus and response
- A stimulus 刺激 is a change an organism can detect — light, heat, touch, a smell.
- The reaction it produces is the response 响应.
- Sense the stimulus, then react: this is the basic pattern.
- Good responses keep an organism alive and well.
刺激与响应
- 刺激(stimulus)是一个生物能检测到的变化——光、热、触碰、气味。
- 它产生的反应是响应(response)。
- 感知刺激,然后反应:这是基本的模式。
- 好的响应让一个生物存活且健康。
A stimulus is… · 刺激是……
A stimulus is a change in the environment (like light or heat) that triggers a response. · 刺激是环境中的一个变化(比如光或热),它触发一个响应。
Plant responses: tropisms
- Plants respond mostly by growing, slowly and in a direction.
- A tropism 向性 is a directional growth response to a stimulus.
- A shoot growing toward light is phototropism.
- Roots growing downward, toward gravity, is gravitropism.
植物的响应:向性
- 植物主要通过生长来响应,缓慢而有方向。
- 向性(tropism)是对一个刺激的有方向的生长响应。
- 一个芽朝光生长是向光性。
- 根朝下、朝重力生长是向地性。
A plant shoot bending toward light is an example of a… · 一棵植物的芽朝光弯曲是一个……的例子。
A tropism is a directional growth response — here, growth toward light (phototropism). · 向性是一种有方向的生长响应——这里是朝光生长(向光性)。
An animal moving toward or away from a stimulus is showing a . · 一个动物朝向或远离一个刺激移动,表现出一种。
A taxis is a directed movement of an animal toward or away from a stimulus. · 趋性是动物朝向或远离一个刺激的有方向的移动。
Animal responses: taxis and reflexes
- Animals can respond by moving — quickly.
- A taxis 趋性 is movement toward or away from a stimulus, like a woodlouse heading for damp shade.
- A reflex is a fast, automatic response, like pulling your hand from a hot pan.
- These quick reactions protect the animal from harm.
动物的响应:趋性与反射
- 动物能通过移动来响应——很快。
- 趋性(taxis)是朝向或远离一个刺激的移动,比如一只鼠妇奔向潮湿的阴影。
- 反射是一个快速、自动的响应,比如把手从热锅上抽开。
- 这些快速的反应保护动物免受伤害。
Sort the responses · 给响应分类
Sort each behaviour by the kind of response it is - a plant growth response, an animal movement, or a fast reflex. · 按照每个行为是哪种响应——植物的生长响应、动物的移动,还是快速的反射——给它们分类。
Plants respond to their environment too, usually by slow growth. · 植物也对它们的环境做出响应,通常通过缓慢的生长。
Plants respond by growing (tropisms) — slower than animals, but still a real response. · 植物通过生长(向性)做出响应——比动物慢,但仍然是真实的响应。
Select all · 所有 true statements about responses. · 选出关于响应的所有正确说法。
Plants respond too, just more slowly. The other three are correct. · 植物也响应,只是更慢。其余三条正确。
Do not think only animals respond. Plants respond too — just slowly, by growing. A sunflower turning to follow the sun and a root growing downward are both real responses, even though there is no movement you can watch in real time.
不要以为只有动物才响应。植物也响应——只是慢慢地,通过生长。一朵向日葵转动着跟随太阳、一条根朝下生长,都是真实的响应,尽管没有你能实时看到的移动。
A seedling reaching for light:
- A young shoot detects light coming from one side (the stimulus).
- It grows faster on the shaded side, so it bends toward the light.
- This phototropism brings its leaves into the sun — a growth response that aids survival.
一株幼苗伸向光:
- 一个幼芽检测到从一侧来的光(刺激)。
- 它在背光的一侧长得更快,所以它朝光弯曲。
- 这种向光性把它的叶子带进阳光——一个有助于生存的生长响应。
Organisms detect a stimulus and produce a response. Plants respond by directional growth — a tropism (like phototropism toward light). Animals respond by directed movement — a taxis — or by fast reflexes. Responding to the environment helps every organism survive.
生物检测一个刺激并产生一个响应。植物通过有方向的生长来响应——一种向性(比如朝光的向光性)。动物通过有方向的移动——一种趋性——或通过快速的反射来响应。对环境做出响应帮助每个生物生存。