Population Genetics · 群体遗传学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| population/ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 种群 | zhǒng qún |
| gene pool/dʒiːn puːl/ | 基因库 | jī yīn kù |
| allele frequency/əˈliːl ˈfriːkwənsi/ | 等位基因频率 | děng wèi jī yīn pín lǜ |
Evolution seen in a population
- A single organism cannot evolve — it lives and dies with the genes it was born with.
- Evolution only shows up when you look at a whole population over time.
- To study it, biologists track the mix of alleles in that population.
- This is the field of population genetics.
在种群中看到的进化
- 单个生物无法进化——它带着出生时的基因活着,又死去。
- 只有当你观察一整个种群随时间的变化时,进化才显现出来。
- 为了研究它,生物学家追踪那个种群中等位基因的混合。
- 这就是群体遗传学的领域。
The gene pool
- A population 种群 is a group of the same species living together.
- All the alleles in that population make up its gene pool 基因库.
- The gene pool is like a giant shared box of genetic variety.
- Every new offspring is dealt its genes from this pool.
基因库
- 一个种群(population)是一群生活在一起的同种生物。
- 那个种群中所有的等位基因构成它的基因库(gene pool)。
- 基因库就像一个巨大的、共享的遗传多样性盒子。
- 每个新的后代从这个库里被发到它的基因。
A gene pool is… · 基因库是……
A gene pool is the whole collection of alleles in a population at a given time. · 基因库是某一时刻一个种群中所有等位基因的全部集合。
Allele frequency
- Allele frequency 等位基因频率 is how common each allele is in the gene pool.
- If an allele is in 70% of the copies, its frequency is 0.7.
- Frequencies show which versions of a gene dominate the population.
- Tracking them lets us measure evolution precisely.
等位基因频率
- 等位基因频率(allele frequency)是每个等位基因在基因库中有多常见。
- 如果一个等位基因占了 70% 的拷贝,它的频率就是 0.7。
- 频率显示一个基因的哪些版本在种群中占主导。
- 追踪它们让我们能精确地度量进化。
Evolution as changing allele frequency · 进化即等位基因频率的改变
Step through how selection changes the mix of alleles in a gene pool over generations. · 一步步走过选择如何经许多代改变基因库中等位基因的混合。
Allele frequency describes… · 等位基因频率描述……
Allele frequency is the proportion of a gene pool made up of one particular allele. · 等位基因频率是基因库中由某一个等位基因构成的比例。
Evolution = changing frequencies
- When an allele becomes more or less common, the gene pool has changed.
- Evolution, at this level, is a change in allele frequency over generations.
- Selection, migration, mutation, and chance can all shift the frequencies.
- Add up these shifts over time, and a population evolves.
进化 = 频率的改变
- 当一个等位基因变得更常见或更少见时,基因库就改变了。
- 在这个层面,进化是等位基因频率随许多代的改变。
- 选择、迁移、突变和偶然都能使频率移动。
- 把这些移动随时间累加起来,一个种群就进化了。
At the population level, evolution is a change in allele ____ over generations. · 在种群层面,进化是等位基因____随许多代的改变。
Evolution is defined as a change in allele frequency in a population over time. · 进化被定义为一个种群中等位基因频率随时间的改变。
Natural selection, migration, and mutation can all change allele frequencies. · 自然选择、迁移和突变都能改变等位基因频率。
Selection, migration, mutation, and chance (genetic drift) all shift allele frequencies. · 选择、迁移、突变和偶然(遗传漂变)都会使等位基因频率移动。
Select all · 所有 true statements about population genetics. · 选出关于群体遗传学的所有正确说法。
Individuals do not evolve; populations do, as allele frequencies change. The other three are correct. · 个体不进化;种群进化,随着等位基因频率改变。其余三条正确。
Individuals do not evolve — populations do. Your own alleles are fixed for life. Evolution is the change in allele frequency across a whole population over generations, not a change inside one organism.
个体不进化——种群才进化。你自己的等位基因终生固定。进化是整个种群中等位基因频率经许多代的改变,而不是一个生物内部的改变。
Counting a colour allele:
- Suppose a beetle population is 40% dark alleles, 60% light.
- Birds eat the light beetles more easily, so fewer light alleles get passed on.
- Next generation the dark allele frequency rises to 55% — the population has evolved.
数一个颜色等位基因:
- 假设一个甲虫种群是 40% 深色等位基因、60% 浅色。
- 鸟更容易吃到浅色甲虫,所以更少的浅色等位基因被传下去。
- 下一代深色等位基因频率升到 55%——种群进化了。
Population genetics studies the gene pool — all the alleles in a population. Allele frequency measures how common each allele is. Evolution at this level is a change in allele frequency over generations, driven by selection, migration, mutation, and chance. Populations evolve; individuals do not.
群体遗传学研究基因库——一个种群中所有的等位基因。等位基因频率度量每个等位基因有多常见。在这个层面,进化是等位基因频率随许多代的改变,由选择、迁移、突变和偶然驱动。种群进化;个体不进化。