Transcription and RNA Processing · 转录与 RNA 加工
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| transcription/trænˈskrɪpʃn/ | 转录 | zhuǎn lù |
| RNA polymerase/ˌɑː en ˈeɪ ˌpɒlɪməˈreɪz/ | RNA聚合酶 | RNA jù hé méi |
| messenger RNA/ˈmesɪndʒə ˌɑː en ˈeɪ/ | 信使RNA | xìn shǐ RNA |
Getting the message out
- The DNA master copy stays safely inside the nucleus.
- But proteins are built outside it, in the cytoplasm.
- So the cell makes a working copy of just the gene it needs.
- That copying step is called transcription.
把信息送出去
- DNA 母本安全地待在细胞核内部。
- 但蛋白质在它外面、在细胞质里被构建。
- 所以细胞只给它需要的那个基因做一份工作副本。
- 那个复制步骤叫做转录。
Transcription: DNA to mRNA
- Transcription 转录 copies one gene from DNA into a molecule of RNA.
- The enzyme RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶 reads the DNA template.
- It builds a matching strand of messenger RNA 信使RNA, also called mRNA.
- Only the needed gene is copied, not the whole genome.
转录:DNA 到 mRNA
- 转录(transcription)把一个基因从 DNA 复制成一个 RNA 分子。
- RNA 聚合酶(RNA polymerase)这种酶读取 DNA 模板。
- 它构建一条匹配的信使 RNA(mRNA)(messenger RNA)链。
- 只有需要的基因被复制,不是整个基因组。
Transcription copies a gene from DNA into… · 转录把一个基因从 DNA 复制成……
Transcription makes an mRNA copy of one gene, which can leave the nucleus. · 转录制造一个基因的 mRNA 拷贝,它能离开细胞核。
The enzyme that builds the mRNA copy is RNA ____. · 构建 mRNA 拷贝的酶是 RNA ____。
RNA polymerase reads the DNA template and joins RNA nucleotides into mRNA. · RNA 聚合酶读取 DNA 模板,把 RNA 核苷酸连成 mRNA。
Base pairing into RNA
- The mRNA is built by base pairing against the DNA template.
- A DNA T gives an mRNA A; a G gives a C; a C gives a G.
- But a DNA A gives an mRNA U, because RNA uses uracil.
- The result is an RNA copy of the gene's message.
配对成 RNA
- mRNA 通过与 DNA 模板配对来构建。
- DNA 的 T 给出 mRNA 的 A;G 给出 C;C 给出 G。
- 但 DNA 的 A 给出 mRNA 的 U,因为 RNA 用尿嘧啶。
- 结果是这个基因信息的一份 RNA 拷贝。
Transcription: DNA to mRNA · 转录:DNA 到 mRNA
Step through transcription - the DNA template is copied into mRNA by base pairing (A to U, T to A, G to C, C to G). · 一步步走过转录——DNA 模板通过碱基配对(A 到 U、T 到 A、G 到 C、C 到 G)被复制成 mRNA。
When transcribing DNA into mRNA, a DNA "A" is copied as an mRNA… · 把 DNA 转录成 mRNA 时,DNA 的"A"被复制成 mRNA 的……
RNA uses uracil, so a DNA A pairs with an mRNA U (DNA T → mRNA A, G → C, C → G). · RNA 用尿嘧啶,所以 DNA 的 A 与 mRNA 的 U 配对(DNA T → mRNA A,G → C,C → G)。
RNA processing
- In eukaryotes, the new mRNA is edited before it leaves the nucleus.
- Useless sections are cut out and the useful ones are joined.
- The ends are capped to protect the message.
- Now the finished mRNA can travel out to a ribosome.
RNA 加工
- 在真核生物中,新的 mRNA 在离开细胞核前被编辑。
- 无用的片段被剪掉,有用的被连起来。
- 两端被加帽以保护信息。
- 现在完成的 mRNA 能出去到一个核糖体。
In eukaryotes, the mRNA is edited (processed) before it leaves the nucleus. · 在真核生物中,mRNA 在离开细胞核前被编辑(加工)。
RNA processing trims and caps the mRNA so it is ready to be read by a ribosome. · RNA 加工修剪并给 mRNA 加帽,让它准备好被核糖体读取。
Select all · 所有 true statements about transcription. · 选出关于转录的所有正确说法。
Transcription copies one gene, not the whole genome. The other three are correct. · 转录复制一个基因,不是整个基因组。其余三条正确。
Transcription copies one gene at a time, not all the DNA. And the DNA itself stays in the nucleus — only the mRNA copy travels out. Think of photocopying a single page from a reference book you are not allowed to remove.
转录一次复制一个基因,不是所有 DNA。而且 DNA 本身留在细胞核里——只有 mRNA 拷贝出去。想象从一本不许拿走的参考书里复印单独一页。
Making insulin's message:
- To make insulin, a cell transcribes just the insulin gene.
- RNA polymerase copies it into mRNA; the rest of the DNA is untouched.
- The processed mRNA leaves the nucleus, carrying the recipe to the protein factory.
制作胰岛素的信息:
- 要制造胰岛素,细胞只转录胰岛素基因。
- RNA 聚合酶把它复制成 mRNA;DNA 的其余部分不受触动。
- 加工好的 mRNA 离开细胞核,把配方带到蛋白质工厂。
Transcription copies one gene from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), built by RNA polymerase through base pairing (with U in place of T). In eukaryotes the mRNA is then processed — trimmed and capped — before leaving the nucleus to carry the message to a ribosome.
转录把一个基因从 DNA 复制成信使 RNA(mRNA),由 RNA 聚合酶通过碱基配对构建(用 U 代替 T)。在真核生物中,mRNA 随后被加工——修剪和加帽——然后离开细胞核,把信息带到一个核糖体。