Cell Communication · 细胞通讯
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| signal/ˈsɪɡnl/ | 信号 | xìn hào |
| receptor/rɪˈseptə/ | 受体 | shòu tǐ |
| ligand/ˈlɪɡænd/ | 配体 | pèi tǐ |
| target cell/ˈtɑːɡɪt sel/ | 靶细胞 | bǎ xì bāo |
Cells talk to each other
- A body is trillions of cells, yet they act as one.
- To do that, cells must constantly send and receive messages.
- One cell releases a signal; another detects it and responds.
- This constant conversation keeps the whole organism working together.
细胞互相交谈
- 一个身体是数万亿个细胞,然而它们像一个整体那样行动。
- 要做到这一点,细胞必须不断地发送和接收信息。
- 一个细胞释放一个信号;另一个检测到它并做出响应。
- 这种不断的对话让整个生物体协同工作。
Signals and receptors
- A signal 信号 is a molecule one cell sends to affect another.
- The signal molecule is also called a ligand 配体.
- It is detected when it binds a matching receptor 受体 on the target cell.
- Ligand and receptor fit together like a key in a lock.
信号与受体
- 信号(signal)是一个细胞发出以影响另一个细胞的分子。
- 信号分子也叫做配体(ligand)。
- 当它结合到靶细胞上一个匹配的受体(receptor)时,它被检测到。
- 配体和受体像钥匙插进锁一样契合。
Why do the cells of a body need to communicate? · 身体的细胞为什么需要通讯?
Cells must communicate to act together — growing, defending, and responding as one coordinated body. · 细胞必须通讯才能一起行动——作为一个协调的整体生长、防御和响应。
Only target cells respond
- A target cell 靶细胞 is one that carries the right receptor.
- Only target cells can detect and respond to a given signal.
- Other cells lack the receptor, so the signal passes them by.
- This is how one signal can reach many cells but affect only some.
只有靶细胞响应
- 靶细胞(target cell)是带有合适受体的细胞。
- 只有靶细胞才能检测并响应某个信号。
- 其他细胞缺少那个受体,所以信号从它们身边略过。
- 这就是一个信号能到达许多细胞却只影响其中一些的方式。
A signal molecule (ligand) is detected when it binds to a… · 一个信号分子(配体)在结合到……时被检测到。
A ligand binds a specific receptor · 受体, like a key in a lock, delivering the message. · 配体结合一个特定的受体,像钥匙插进锁,传递信息。
Signals travel different distances
- Some cells signal by direct contact, touching a neighbour.
- Some send local signals to nearby cells, like a growth factor.
- Some send long-distance signals — hormones — through the blood.
- The distance depends on how far the message needs to go.
信号传播不同的距离
- 有些细胞通过直接接触发信号,碰触邻居。
- 有些向附近的细胞发送局部信号,比如一个生长因子。
- 有些发送长距离信号——激素——通过血液。
- 距离取决于信息需要传多远。
How far does the signal travel? · 信号传得多远?
Sort each kind of cell signalling by how far the message has to travel. · 按照信息需要传多远,给每种细胞信号传递分类。
A cell that has the right receptor and can respond to a signal is called a ____ cell. · 有合适的受体、能对信号做出响应的细胞叫做____细胞。
Only a target cell with the matching receptor responds; other cells ignore the signal. · 只有带匹配受体的靶细胞做出响应;其他细胞忽略这个信号。
A hormone can travel through the blood to reach distant cells all over the body. · 激素能通过血液传播,到达全身各处遥远的细胞。
Hormones are long-distance signals — they travel in the blood to far-off target cells. · 激素是长距离信号——它们在血液中传播,到达遥远的靶细胞。
Select all · 所有 true statements about cell communication. · 选出关于细胞通讯的所有正确说法。
A cell responds only if it has the matching receptor, so not every cell responds to every signal. · 细胞只有在带匹配受体时才响应,所以并非每个细胞都对每个信号响应。
A hormone floods the whole body, yet only some cells react. The reason is the receptor: a cell responds only if it carries the matching receptor. No receptor, no response — even if the signal is right there.
一种激素涌遍全身,然而只有一些细胞做出反应。原因是受体:一个细胞只有在携带匹配受体时才响应。没有受体,就没有响应——即使信号就在那里。
Adrenaline before a race:
- Your adrenal glands release adrenaline into the blood.
- It reaches almost every cell in your body.
- But only cells with adrenaline receptors — heart, muscle, liver — respond, speeding you up for action.
比赛前的肾上腺素:
- 你的肾上腺把肾上腺素释放进血液。
- 它到达你身体几乎每一个细胞。
- 但只有带肾上腺素受体的细胞——心脏、肌肉、肝脏——做出响应,让你加速准备行动。
Cells communicate by sending a signal (a ligand) that binds a matching receptor on a target cell. Only cells with the right receptor respond. Signals travel by direct contact, locally to nearby cells, or long-distance through the blood as hormones.
细胞通过发送一个信号(一个配体)来通讯,信号结合靶细胞上一个匹配的受体。只有带合适受体的细胞才响应。信号通过直接接触、局部地到附近细胞,或作为激素长距离地通过血液传播。