Photosynthesis · 光合作用
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| photosynthesis/ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | 光合作用 | guāng hé zuò yòng |
| chlorophyll/ˌklɔːrəʊˈfɪl/ | 叶绿素 | yè lǜ sù |
| Calvin cycle/ˈkælvɪn ˈsaɪkl/ | 卡尔文循环 | kǎ ěr wén xún huán |
Turning light into food
- Plants do something almost magical: they build food out of thin air and sunlight.
- They take in carbon dioxide and water and capture the energy in light.
- From these they make glucose, storing the sun's energy in a sugar.
- This process — photosynthesis — feeds almost all life on Earth.
把光变成食物
- 植物做着几乎神奇的事:它们用空气和阳光造出食物。
- 它们吸入二氧化碳和水,并捕获光中的能量。
- 用这些,它们制造葡萄糖,把太阳的能量储存在一个糖里。
- 这个过程——光合作用——喂养着地球上几乎所有的生命。
The overall reaction
- Photosynthesis 光合作用 combines carbon dioxide, water, and light energy.
- The products are glucose (sugar) and oxygen.
- $6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{light}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$.
- The green pigment chlorophyll 叶绿素 captures the light.
总反应
- 光合作用(photosynthesis)把二氧化碳、水和光能结合起来。
- 产物是葡萄糖(糖)和氧气。
- $6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{light}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$。
- 绿色色素叶绿素(chlorophyll)捕获光。
What does a plant use as raw materials for photosynthesis? · 植物用什么作为光合作用的原材料?
Photosynthesis · 光合作用 uses carbon dioxide + water + light energy to make glucose and oxygen. · 光合作用用二氧化碳 + 水 + 光能来制造葡萄糖和氧气。
Stage 1: the light reactions
- In the light reactions, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight.
- The energy splits water, releasing oxygen as a by-product.
- It also makes the energy carriers ATP and NADPH.
- These carriers power the next stage.
第一阶段:光反应
- 在光反应中,叶绿素吸收阳光。
- 能量分裂水,释放氧气作为副产物。
- 它还制造能量载体 ATP 和 NADPH。
- 这些载体给下一阶段供能。
How photosynthesis works · 光合作用如何进行
Step through the two stages — light reactions capture energy, then the Calvin cycle builds sugar from CO₂. · 一步步走过两个阶段——光反应捕获能量,然后卡尔文循环用 CO₂ 构建糖。
The green pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis is ____. · 吸收光用于光合作用的绿色色素是 ____。
Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts captures the light energy that drives the whole process. · 叶绿体中的叶绿素捕获驱动整个过程的光能。
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from? · 光合作用释放的氧气来自哪里?
Light energy splits water, and the oxygen atoms are released as O₂. · 光能分裂水,氧原子作为 O₂ 被释放。
Stage 2: the Calvin cycle
- The Calvin cycle 卡尔文循环 does not need light directly.
- It uses the ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into sugar.
- Carbon atoms from CO₂ are built up into glucose.
- So light energy ends up stored in a stable sugar.
第二阶段:卡尔文循环
- 卡尔文循环(Calvin cycle)不直接需要光。
- 它用 ATP 和 NADPH 把二氧化碳固定成糖。
- 来自 CO₂ 的碳原子被构建成葡萄糖。
- 所以光能最终储存在一个稳定的糖里。
Photosynthesis has two stages: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. · 光合作用有两个阶段:光反应和卡尔文循环。
The light reactions capture energy; the Calvin cycle uses it to build sugar from CO₂. · 光反应捕获能量;卡尔文循环用它从 CO₂ 构建糖。
Select all · 所有 true statements about photosynthesis. · 选出关于光合作用的所有正确说法。
Photosynthesis needs light, so it does not happen in the dark. The other three are correct. · 光合作用需要光,所以它不在黑暗中发生。其余三条正确。
Photosynthesis is two stages, not one. The light reactions capture energy; the Calvin cycle uses it to build sugar. The Calvin cycle needs the products of the light reactions, so it cannot run for long in the dark.
光合作用是两个阶段,不是一个。光反应捕获能量;卡尔文循环使用它来构建糖。卡尔文循环需要光反应的产物,所以它在黑暗中不能持续很久。
Why the world depends on a leaf:
- Almost every food chain starts with a photosynthesising plant.
- The oxygen you breathe was released by splitting water in a leaf.
- Even coal and oil are ancient sunlight, captured by photosynthesis long ago.
世界为什么依赖一片叶子:
- 几乎每条食物链都以一株进行光合作用的植物开始。
- 你呼吸的氧气是在叶子里分裂水时释放出来的。
- 甚至煤和石油都是远古的阳光,很久以前被光合作用捕获。
Photosynthesis turns carbon dioxide, water, and light into glucose and oxygen, using chlorophyll to capture the light. It has two stages: the light reactions make ATP and NADPH (and release oxygen), and the Calvin cycle uses them to build sugar from CO₂.
光合作用把二氧化碳、水和光变成葡萄糖和氧气,用叶绿素捕获光。它有两个阶段:光反应制造 ATP 和 NADPH(并释放氧气),卡尔文循环用它们从 CO₂ 构建糖。