Degradable polymers · 可降解聚合物
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| non-polar/nɒn ˈpəʊlə/ | 非极性 | fēi jí xìng |
| biodegrade/ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪd/ | 生物降解 | shēng wù jiàng jiě |
| photodegradable/ˌfəʊtəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ | 光降解 | guāng jiàng jiě |
| hydrolysis/haɪˈdrɒləsɪs/ | 水解 | shuǐ jiě |
Plastics that break down
- Some polymers break down in the environment; others barely do.
- It depends on the bonds in the chain.
- This matters for waste and pollution.
会分解的塑料
- 一些聚合物在环境中分解;其他的几乎不分解。
- 它取决于链中的键。
- 这对废物和污染很重要。
Degradable polymer route · 可降解聚合物途径
Follow how polymer structure controls breakdown. · 跟随聚合物结构如何控制分解。
Polymers that can be broken down by microbes or hydrolysis are described as ______. · 可以被微生物或水解分解的聚合物被描述为 ______。
They reduce plastic waste. · 它们减少塑料废物。
Condensation polymers such as polyesters can be hydrolysed and so are more easily degraded than addition polymers. · 像聚酯这样的缩合聚合物可以被水解,因此比加成聚合物更容易降解。
The ester/amide links can be broken. · 酯/酰胺键可以被断开。
What degrades, and what doesn't
- poly(alkene)s are chemically inert — only strong, non-polar 非极性 C–C and C–H bonds — so they are hard to biodegrade 生物降解 and last a long time.
- some polymers are made photodegradable 光降解 (light breaks them down).
- polyesters and polyamides are biodegradable — their ester and amide links can be broken by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis 水解.
The nylon rope trick: a thread of nylon (a polyamide) forms where two reactant solutions meet and can be pulled out as one long strand (it is pink here from an indicator)
什么分解,什么不分解
- 聚烯烃化学上惰性——只有强的、非极性的 C–C 和 C–H 键——所以它们难生物降解并持续很长时间。
- 一些聚合物被制成光降解的(光把它们分解)。
- 聚酯和聚酰胺是可生物降解的——它们的酯和酰胺键可以被酸性或碱性水解断开。
尼龙绳实验:一根尼龙(一种聚酰胺)线在两个反应物溶液相遇处形成,可以作为一根长线拉出(这里因为一个指示剂是粉色的)
Poly(alkene)s are hard to biodegrade because they have: · 聚烯烃难生物降解,因为它们有:
With no polar links to attack, microbes cannot easily break poly(alkene)s down. · 没有极性键可攻击,微生物不能容易地分解聚烯烃。
Polyesters and polyamides are biodegradable because: · 聚酯和聚酰胺是可生物降解的,因为:
Acidic or alkaline hydrolysis breaks the ester/amide links, so these polymers degrade. · 酸性或碱性水解断开酯/酰胺键,所以这些聚合物降解。
Some polymers are made photodegradable so that light can break them down. · 一些聚合物被制成光降解的,以便光可以分解它们。
Photodegradable polymers are designed to be broken down by light. · 光降解的聚合物被设计成被光分解。
Why degradability matters
- Condensation polymers can be hydrolysed, so they break down more easily than addition polymers.
- This reduces long-lived plastic waste.
为什么可降解性重要
- 缩合聚合物可以被水解,所以它们比加成聚合物更容易分解。
- 这减少长寿命的塑料废物。
Designing greener plastics
- Biodegradable and photodegradable polymers are designed to break down after use.
- They ease disposal but can cost more to make.
设计更环保的塑料
- 可生物降解和光降解的聚合物被设计成使用后分解。
- 它们减轻处置但制造可能花费更多。
You've got it
- poly(alkene)s = inert (strong non-polar bonds) → hard to biodegrade
- some polymers are photodegradable (broken by light)
- polyesters/polyamides are biodegradable — their links can be hydrolysed
你掌握了
- 聚烯烃 = 惰性(强非极性键)→ 难生物降解
- 一些聚合物是光降解的(被光分解)
- 聚酯/聚酰胺是可生物降解的——它们的键可以被水解