Oxides and chlorides with water · 氧化物和氯化物与水
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| basic/ˈbeɪsɪk/ | 碱性 | jiǎn xìng |
| acidic/əˈsɪdɪk/ | 酸性 | suān xìng |
| amphoteric/ˌæmfəʊˈterɪk/ | 两性 | liǎng xìng |
| hydrolyse/ˈhaɪdrəlaɪz/ | 水解 | shuǐ jiě |
| electronegativity/ɪˌlektrəʊŋɡəˈtɪvɪti/ | 电负性 | diàn fù xìng |
Acid or alkali from an oxide?
- Across Period 3 the oxides change from basic 碱性 to acidic 酸性.
- The middle one, $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$, is amphoteric 两性.
- The chlorides behave differently too.
从一个氧化物得到酸还是碱?
- 横穿第三周期氧化物从碱性变到酸性。
- 中间的那个,$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$,是两性(amphoteric)的。
- 氯化物的行为也不同。
Oxide and chloride hydrolysis route · 氧化物和氯化物水解途径
Follow how Period 3 oxides and chlorides change pH in water. · 跟踪第三周期氧化物和氯化物如何在水中改变 pH。
Across Period 3, the oxides change from: · 横穿第三周期,氧化物从以下哪种变化:
Metal oxides on the left are basic; non-metal oxides on the right are acidic; Al₂O₃ is amphoteric in between. · 左边的金属氧化物是碱性;右边的非金属氧化物是酸性;Al₂O₃ 在中间是两性。
Sodium oxide dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution. · 氧化钠溶于水形成一个碱性溶液。
Metal oxides are basic; non-metal oxides acidic. · 金属氧化物是碱性;非金属氧化物酸性。
Oxides: basic → amphoteric → acidic
| Oxide | Nature |
|---|---|
| $\text{Na}_2\text{O}$, $\text{MgO}$ | basic (metal oxides) |
| $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ | amphoteric |
| $\text{SiO}_2$ | weakly acidic |
| $\text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}$, $\text{SO}_3$ | acidic (non-metal oxides) |
- Metal oxides (left) are basic; non-metal oxides (right) are acidic.
Period 3 oxides change from basic to amphoteric to acidic
氧化物:碱性 → 两性 → 酸性
| 氧化物 | 性质 |
|---|---|
| $\text{Na}_2\text{O}$、$\text{MgO}$ | 碱性(金属氧化物) |
| $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ | 两性 |
| $\text{SiO}_2$ | 弱酸性 |
| $\text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}$、$\text{SO}_3$ | 酸性(非金属氧化物) |
- 金属氧化物(左)是碱性;非金属氧化物(右)是酸性。
第三周期氧化物从碱性变到两性变到酸性
Match each Period 3 species to its behaviour in water. · 把每个第三周期物种匹配到它在水中的行为。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
Amphoteric alumina
- $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ (and $\text{Al(OH)}_3$) react with both acids and bases:
$$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 6\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{AlCl}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$$$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{NaOH} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaAl(OH)}_4$$
两性的氧化铝
- $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$(和 $\text{Al(OH)}_3$)与酸和碱都反应:
$$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 6\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{AlCl}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}$$$$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{NaOH} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaAl(OH)}_4$$
Aluminium oxide is described as amphoteric because it: · 氧化铝被描述为两性,因为它:
Al₂O₃ reacts with acids (as a base) and with bases (as an acid) — it is amphoteric. · Al₂O₃ 与酸反应(作为碱)和与碱反应(作为酸)——它是两性的。
Chlorides with water
- NaCl and MgCl₂ are ionic — they just dissolve (near-neutral).
- SiCl₄ and PCl₅ are covalent — they hydrolyse 水解 (react with water) to give acidic solutions and HCl fumes:
$$\text{SiCl}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{SiO}_2 + 4\text{HCl}$$
- The trend follows electronegativity 电负性: ionic (basic/neutral) on the left, covalent (acidic) on the right.
氯化物与水
- NaCl 和 MgCl₂ 是离子的——它们只是溶解(接近中性)。
- SiCl₄ 和 PCl₅ 是共价的——它们水解(hydrolyse,与水反应)给出酸性溶液和 HCl 烟雾:
$$\text{SiCl}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{SiO}_2 + 4\text{HCl}$$
- 这个趋势遵循电负性(electronegativity):左边离子(碱性/中性),右边共价(酸性)。
When SiCl₄ or PCl₅ is added to water, it: · 当 SiCl₄ 或 PCl₅ 被加到水中时,它:
These covalent chlorides hydrolyse with water, producing acidic solutions and fumes of HCl. · 这些共价氯化物与水水解,产生酸性溶液和 HCl 的烟雾。
NaCl and MgCl₂ in water give a: · NaCl 和 MgCl₂ 在水中给出一个:
Ionic chlorides dissolve to give near-neutral solutions; covalent ones hydrolyse to acidic solutions. · 离子氯化物溶解给出接近中性的溶液;共价的水解成酸性溶液。
You've got it
- oxides go basic → amphoteric → acidic across (metal oxides basic, non-metal oxides acidic)
- $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ is amphoteric — reacts with both acids and bases
- NaCl/MgCl₂ dissolve (neutral); SiCl₄/PCl₅ hydrolyse to acidic solutions + HCl
- the trend follows the change from ionic (left) to covalent (right)
你掌握了
- 氧化物横穿碱性 → 两性 → 酸性(金属氧化物碱性,非金属氧化物酸性)
- $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ 是两性的——与酸和碱都反应
- NaCl/MgCl₂ 溶解(中性);SiCl₄/PCl₅ 水解成酸性溶液 + HCl
- 这个趋势遵循从离子(左)到共价(右)的变化