Le Chatelier's principle · 勒夏特列原理
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Le Chatelier's principle/lə ˈtʃeɪtlɪəz ˈprɪnsɪpl/ | 勒夏特列原理 | lēi xià tè liè yuán lǐ |
| equilibrium/ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ | 平衡 | píng héng |
| catalyst/ˈkætəlɪst/ | 催化剂 | cuī huà jì |
| endothermic/ˌendəʊˈθɜːmɪk/ | 吸热 | xī rè |
Nudging a balance
- Le Chatelier's principle 勒夏特列原理: if you change a system at equilibrium 平衡, it shifts to oppose the change.
- This predicts which way the equilibrium moves.
- A catalyst 催化剂 is the exception — it shifts nothing.
推动一个平衡
- 勒夏特列原理(Le Chatelier's principle):如果你改变一个处于平衡的系统,它移动以对抗这个改变。
- 这预测平衡向哪个方向移动。
- 催化剂是例外——它什么都不移动。
Le Chatelier's principle says that a change to a system at equilibrium causes it to: · 勒夏特列原理说,对一个处于平衡的系统的一个改变使它:
The equilibrium position always moves in the direction that lessens the change you made. · 平衡位置总是向减少你所做改变的方向移动。
Increasing the pressure shifts equilibrium towards the side with fewer gas molecules. · 增加压强使平衡朝向气体分子更少的一侧移动。
Le Chatelier's principle. · 勒夏特列原理。
The changes
| Change | Equilibrium moves |
|---|---|
| increase a reactant's concentration | towards products |
| increase pressure | towards the side with fewer gas molecules |
| increase temperature | towards the endothermic 吸热 direction |
Le Chatelier's principle: the equilibrium shifts to oppose the change you make
这些改变
| 改变 | 平衡移动 |
|---|---|
| 增加一个反应物的浓度 | 朝向产物 |
| 增加压强 | 朝向气体分子更少的一侧 |
| 增加温度 | 朝向吸热方向 |
勒夏特列原理:平衡移动以对抗你所做的改变
Le Chatelier's principle · 勒夏特列原理
the system opposes the change · 系统会抵抗这种改变
Raise T, P or reactant and the equilibrium shifts to oppose your change. · 升高 T、P 或反应物,平衡就移动以对抗你的改变。
Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium towards: · 增加压强使平衡朝向:
Moving to fewer gas molecules reduces the pressure, opposing the increase. · 移向更少的气体分子减少压强,对抗这个增加。
Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium towards: · 增加温度使平衡朝向:
The endothermic direction absorbs the added heat, opposing the temperature rise. · 吸热方向吸收添加的热,对抗温度上升。
Catalysts
- A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions equally.
- So equilibrium is reached faster, but its position does not change.
催化剂
- 一个催化剂(catalyst)同等地加速正反应和逆反应两者。
- 所以平衡达到得更快,但它的位置不改变。
Adding a catalyst to a system at equilibrium: · 给一个处于平衡的系统加入一个催化剂:
A catalyst speeds up both directions equally, so the position of equilibrium is unchanged. · 一个催化剂同等地加速两个方向,所以平衡位置不变。
Match each change to how the equilibrium responds. · 把每个改变匹配到平衡如何响应。
Each item links the term to its correct meaning. · 每一项把术语链接到它正确的含义。
Temperature and the catalyst
- Raising temperature shifts equilibrium in the endothermic direction.
- A catalyst speeds up both directions equally, so it does not shift the position.
温度和催化剂
- 升高温度使平衡向吸热方向移动。
- 一个催化剂同等地加速两个方向,所以它不移动位置。
You've got it
- Le Chatelier: the equilibrium shifts to oppose any change you make
- more reactant → towards products; more pressure → fewer-gas-molecules side; more heat → endothermic direction
- a catalyst speeds both ways equally → reaches equilibrium faster, no shift
你掌握了
- 勒夏特列:平衡移动以对抗你所做的任何改变
- 更多反应物 → 朝向产物;更多压强 → 气体分子更少的一侧;更多热 → 吸热方向
- 一个催化剂同等地加速两个方向 → 更快达到平衡,不移动