Economic external influences · 经济外部影响因素
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| recession/rɪˈseʃn/ | 衰退 | shuāi tuì |
| exchange rate/eksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt/ | 汇率 | huì lǜ |
| business cycle/ˈbɪznəs ˈsaɪkl/ | 经济周期 | jīng jì zhōu qī |
| boom/buːm/ | 繁荣 | fán róng |
| recovery/rɪˈkʌvəri/ | 复苏 | fù sū |
| interest rates/ˈɪntrest reɪts/ | 利率 | lì lǜ |
| currency/ˈkʌrənsi/ | 货币 | huò bì |
| exports/ˈekspɔːts/ | 出口 | chū kǒu |
| imports/ɪmˈpɔːts/ | 进口 | jìn kǒu |
| inflation/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ | 通货膨胀 | tōng huò péng zhàng |
The weather a business can't control
- A firm can run itself perfectly and still be hit by a recession 衰退, a rate rise, or a swing in the exchange rate 汇率.
- These external economic influences shape every business, yet lie outside its control.
企业无法控制的天气
- 一个企业能完美地经营自己,却仍然被一次衰退、一次利率上升或一次汇率波动击中。
- 这些外部经济影响塑造每个企业,却在它的控制之外。
External influences lab · 外部影响实验
Classify outside changes by the channel that hits the business. · 根据冲击企业的渠道对外部变化进行分类。
During a recession, most businesses experience: · 在经济衰退期间，大多数企业会经历：
A recession cuts demand and sales for most firms. · 经济衰退削减了大多数企业的需求和销售。
The phase of the business cycle with falling output and rising unemployment is a . · 产出下降且失业率上升的商业周期阶段是。
A recession is the downturn phase. · 衰退是下行阶段。
The business cycle 经济周期
- Economies move through boom 繁荣 → slowdown → recession → recovery 复苏.
- In a boom, demand and profits rise; in a recession, sales fall and firms may cut jobs.
Demand for most firms rises in a boom and falls in a recession.
商业周期
- 经济经过繁荣 → 放缓 → 衰退 → 复苏。
- 在一个繁荣中,需求和利润上升;在一个衰退中,销售下降且企业可能削减工作。
大多数企业的需求在繁荣中上升,在衰退中下降。
A rise in interest rates is likely to: · 利率上升可能会导致：
Dearer borrowing cuts spending and demand. · 更昂贵的借贷会削减支出和需求。
A stronger domestic currency makes a firm's exports: · 本国货币升值会使企业的出口：
A strong currency raises the foreign price of exports. · 强势货币提高了出口的国外价格。
Interest rates 利率 and exchange rates
- Higher interest rates raise borrowing costs and cut consumer spending → lower demand.
- A stronger currency 货币 makes exports 出口 dearer abroad and imports 进口 cheaper at home.
A strong currency makes exports dearer and imports cheaper; a weak one does the reverse
A multinational's outlets look the same worldwide: a global brand
利率与汇率
- 更高的利率提高借款成本并削减消费者支出 → 更低的需求。
- 一种更强的货币使出口在国外更贵,进口在国内更便宜。
强势货币使出口更贵、进口更便宜;弱势货币则相反
一个跨国公司的门店在全球看起来一样:一个全球品牌
Inflation tends to raise a firm's costs and reduce customers' real spending power. · 通货膨胀往往会提高企业成本并降低客户的实际购买力。
Both effects squeeze the business. · 这两种效应都会挤压企业。
Inflation 通货膨胀
- Inflation raises a firm's costs (materials, wages) and erodes customers' real spending power.
- Firms respond by raising prices, cutting costs, or improving efficiency.
External shocks hit different firms differently. A recession devastates a luxury-goods maker but barely touches a discount retailer — which may even grow. Always link the influence to the specific business.
Inflation is a sustained rise in prices over time
通货膨胀
- 通货膨胀提高一个企业的成本(材料、工资)并侵蚀顾客的实际购买力。
- 企业通过提高价格、削减成本或改善效率来回应。
外部冲击对不同企业的影响不同。 一次衰退摧毁一个奢侈品制造商,但几乎不触及一个折扣零售商——它甚至可能增长。总是把影响与具体的企业联系起来。
You've got it
- the business cycle: boom → slowdown → recession → recovery
- higher interest rates cut demand; a stronger currency hurts exporters
- inflation raises costs and erodes spending power — effects vary by firm
你掌握了
- 商业周期:繁荣 → 放缓 → 衰退 → 复苏
- 更高的利率削减需求;一种更强的货币伤害出口商
- 通货膨胀提高成本并侵蚀购买力——影响因企业而异