Genetically modified organisms · 转基因生物
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| genetically modified organism/dʒɪˈnetɪkli ˈmɒdɪfaɪd ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ | 转基因生物 | zhuǎn jī yīn shēng wù |
| herbicide/ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ | 除草剂 | chú cǎo jì |
| pest/pest/ | 害虫 | hài chóng |
| vector/ˈvektə/ | 媒介 | méi jiè |
GMOs in agriculture
- Genetic engineering can help feed a growing world.
- Genetically modified organisms 转基因生物 (GMOs) are crops and animals with added genes.
- But they raise their own ethical questions.
农业中的转基因生物
- 基因工程 能帮助养活一个增长的世界。
- 转基因生物(genetically modified organisms,GMOs) 是加了基因的作物和动物。
- 但它们引发它们自己的伦理问题。
An organism whose genes have been deliberately changed, often with a gene from another species, is a genetically ______ organism. · 一个基因被故意改变、常带有来自另一个物种的基因的生物,是一个转 ______ 生物。
A GMO carries a gene added by genetic engineering. · 一个转基因生物携带一个由基因工程添加的基因。
Examples
- GM salmon that grow to size faster.
- soybean made resistant to a herbicide 除草剂, so weeds can be sprayed without harming the crop.
- cotton made resistant to insect pests 害虫 — it makes a protein that kills the insects.
例子
- 长到大小更快的 转基因三文鱼。
- 被制成对一种 除草剂(herbicide) 有抗性的 大豆,所以能喷洒杂草而不伤害作物。
- 被制成对昆虫 害虫(pests) 有抗性的 棉花——它制造一种杀死昆虫的蛋白质。
Insect-resistant GM cotton works because it: · 抗虫的转基因棉花起作用,因为它:
The engineered cotton produces a protein toxic to insect pests, protecting the crop. · 被改造的棉花产生一种对昆虫害虫有毒的蛋白质,保护作物。
Herbicide-resistant GM soybean is useful because: · 抗除草剂的转基因大豆有用,因为:
The soybean survives the herbicide, so farmers can spray weeds without damaging the crop. · 大豆在除草剂中存活,所以农民能喷洒杂草而不损害作物。
Match each GM organism to what it does. · 把每个转基因生物与它做的事配对。
Each is given one new gene for a useful trait — pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, a vitamin, or a human protein. · 每个都被给予一个新基因用于一个有用的性状——抗虫、耐除草剂、一种维生素,或一种人类蛋白质。
Ethical and social questions
- Are GMOs safe to eat?
- What is their effect on the environment and wild species?
- Might the engineered genes spread?
- Should a few large companies control the food supply?
伦理和社会问题
- 转基因生物 吃起来安全 吗?
- 它们对 环境 和野生物种有什么影响?
- 这些被改造的基因会 扩散 吗?
- 少数大 公司 应该控制食物供应吗?
Which is an ethical or social concern about GMOs? · 哪个是关于转基因生物的一个伦理或社会关注?
Concerns include food safety, environmental effects, gene spread, and corporate control of the food supply. · 关注包括食物安全、环境影响、基因扩散,以及公司对食物供应的控制。
Using GMOs in farming raises ethical and social questions as well as offering benefits. · 在农业中使用转基因生物在提供好处的同时也引发伦理和社会问题。
GMOs can boost food production but raise questions about safety, the environment, gene spread and control. · 转基因生物能促进食物生产,但引发关于安全、环境、基因扩散和控制的问题。
How a GMO is made
- A useful gene is cut out and inserted into the organism using a vector 媒介 (often a plasmid or virus).
- The modified organism then expresses the new gene and makes the desired product.
一个转基因生物如何制造
- 一个有用的 基因 被切出来并用一个 载体(常是一个质粒或病毒)插入这个生物。
- 这个被改造的生物然后表达新基因并制造想要的产物。
How a GMO is made · 一个转基因生物如何制造
Step through it — the same recombinant-DNA toolkit, now used to give a crop or microbe a brand-new useful gene. · 一步步走过它——同样的重组 DNA 工具,现在用来给一个作物或微生物一个全新的有用基因。
Put the making of a GM organism in order. · 把一个转基因生物的制造按顺序排列。
It is the same recombinant-DNA toolkit: choose → isolate → vector → host → grow. · 它是同样的重组 DNA 工具:选择 → 分离 → 载体 → 宿主 → 培养。
You've got it
- GMOs = organisms with engineered genes, to improve crops and animals
- examples: faster-growing GM salmon, herbicide-resistant soybean, insect-resistant cotton
- ethical questions: food safety, environment, gene spread, and company control of the food supply
你掌握了
- 转基因生物 = 有被改造基因的生物,用来改善作物和动物
- 例子:长得更快的 转基因三文鱼、抗除草剂的大豆、抗虫的 棉花
- 伦理问题:食物 安全、环境、基因扩散,以及 公司控制 食物供应