Species and the three domains · 物种与三个域
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| classification/ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 分类 | fēn lèi |
| species/ˈspiːsiːz/ | 物种 | wù zhǒng |
| domain/dəˈmeɪn/ | 域 | yù |
| Archaea/ɑːˈkɪə/ | 古菌 | gǔ jūn |
| prokaryote/ˈprɒkərɪəʊt/ | 原核生物 | yuán hé shēng wù |
| nucleic acid/njuːˈklɪɪk ˈæsɪd/ | 核酸 | hé suān |
Classifying living things
- Biologists sort all life into groups — classification 分类.
- First we need to define a species 物种.
- Then we place every organism into one of three domains 域.
给生物分类
- 生物学家把所有生命分成组——分类(classification)。
- 首先我们需要定义一个 物种。
- 然后我们把每个生物放进三个 域(domains) 之一。
Species and domains lab · 物种与域实验
Classify organisms and definitions by the level they describe. · 根据它们描述的层次对生物体和定义进行分类。
What is a species?
- biological species — members can breed together to make fertile offspring.
- morphological species — members look alike.
- ecological species — members fill the same role in their surroundings.
A coral reef: many species make it one of Earth's most biodiverse habitats
什么是物种?
- 生物学(biological) 物种——成员能一起繁殖产生 可育后代(fertile offspring)。
- 形态学(morphological) 物种——成员 看起来相似。
- 生态学(ecological) 物种——成员在它们的周围环境中填补 相同的角色。

一个珊瑚礁:许多物种使它成为地球上生物多样性最丰富的栖息地之一
The biological species concept defines a species as a group whose members: · 生物学物种概念将物种定义为成员:
The biological concept uses interbreeding to produce fertile offspring; other concepts use appearance or ecological role. · 生物学概念利用交配产生可育后代;其他概念利用外观或生态角色。
A group whose members can breed together to produce fertile ______ is a biological species. · 成员能交配产生可育______的一组是生物学物种。
A mule (horse × donkey) is sterile, so horses and donkeys are different species. · 骡子(马×驴)不育,因此马和驴是不同的物种。
The three domains
- Archaea 古菌 and Bacteria — both prokaryotes 原核生物 (no nucleus). They differ in their membrane lipids, ribosomal RNA, and cell-wall make-up.
- Eukarya — all organisms whose cells have a nucleus.
The three domains and the four eukaryote kingdoms
三个域
- 古菌(Archaea) 和 细菌(Bacteria)——都是 原核生物(没有细胞核)。它们在膜脂质、核糖体 RNA 和细胞壁的组成上不同。
- 真核生物(Eukarya)——所有细胞有一个 细胞核 的生物。

三个域和四个真核生物界
The three domains of life are: · 生命的三个域是:
The largest groups are the three domains: Archaea, Bacteria (both prokaryotes) and Eukarya. · 最大的分类群是三个域:古菌、细菌(均为原核生物)和真核生物。
Which is true of the domains? · 关于这三个域,下列哪项是正确的?
Archaea and Bacteria lack a nucleus (prokaryotes); Eukarya have a nucleus. · 古菌和细菌缺乏细胞核(原核生物);真核生物有细胞核。
Match each group to its key feature. · 将每个类群与其关键特征匹配。
Two prokaryote domains (Bacteria, Archaea) and one with a nucleus (Eukarya); a species is defined by interbreeding. · 两个原核生物域(细菌、古菌)和一个有细胞核的域(真核生物);物种由交配定义。
Archaea and Bacteria are both prokaryotes, while Eukarya have a nucleus. · 古菌和细菌都是原核生物,而真核生物有细胞核。
The split into three domains is based on differences in their cells and genes, especially rRNA. · 分为三个域是基于它们在细胞和基因上的差异,尤其是rRNA。
Where viruses fit
- Viruses are not placed in these groups.
- They are classified by the type of nucleic acid 核酸 they contain (DNA or RNA), and whether it is single- or double-stranded.
病毒在哪里
- 病毒 不 被放进这些组。
- 它们按它们含有的 核酸(nucleic acid) 类型(DNA 或 RNA),以及它是 单 链还是 双 链来分类。
Viruses are classified by: · 病毒根据以下哪项进行分类:
Viruses are non-cellular, so they are grouped by their nucleic acid (DNA/RNA, single/double-stranded). · 病毒是非细胞生物,因此按核酸(DNA/RNA,单链/双链)分组。
You've got it
- species can be defined biologically (fertile offspring), morphologically (look alike), or ecologically (same role)
- three domains: Archaea + Bacteria (prokaryotes) and Eukarya (have a nucleus)
- viruses are classified by their nucleic acid type (DNA/RNA, single/double-stranded)
你掌握了
- 物种可以从 生物学 上(可育后代)、形态学 上(看起来相似)或 生态学 上(相同的角色)来定义
- 三个 域:古菌 + 细菌(原核生物)和 真核生物(有一个细胞核)
- 病毒 按它们的 核酸 类型(DNA/RNA,单/双链)分类