Pearson Edexcel · International GCSE
物理
Papers, samples and curriculum documents for this course. · 本课程的文件、样卷和课程大纲。
Qualification code · 资格代码: 4PH1
Recent past papers · 近期真题
18 paper and mark-scheme pairs · 真题与评分标准对
Browse papers and mark schemes · 浏览文件和评分标准 →Course units and learning goals · 课程单元与学习目标
These lessons teach selected course objectives. Check the remaining coverage gaps; the material is not a complete preparation programme. · 这些课程教授选定的教学目标。请检查剩余的覆盖缺口；本材料并非完整的备考方案。
1 · Forces and motion
- Rate of change of displacement.
- The gradient of a displacement-time graph is velocity. The area under a velocity-time graph gives displacement. A constant-acceleration formula is valid only when its assumption is justified.
- Choose a positive direction and state it. Use a light gate or video with a known scale and frame interval for repeatable motion measurements. Avoid assuming hand timing is exact over very short intervals.
- Mass multiplied by velocity.
- Impulse equals momentum change. Increasing stopping time for the same momentum change reduces average force. Identify external forces before applying momentum conservation.
- Draw a free-body diagram containing only forces on the selected object. For spring measurements, add loads in steps within the elastic range and measure extension from the unloaded position.
- velocity
- Rate of change of displacement
- acceleration
- Rate of change of velocity
- momentum
- Mass multiplied by velocity
- resultant force
- The vector sum of forces on an object
2 · Electricity
- Rate of flow of charge.
- Current is the same through components in series. Potential differences add around the series path. In parallel, branches share the same potential difference, while branch currents sum at a junction.
- Place an ammeter in series and a voltmeter in parallel. For an I-V investigation, change voltage in steps, reverse polarity when appropriate and limit current to reduce heating.
- current · 电流
- Rate of flow of charge
- potential difference
- Energy transferred per unit charge
3 · Waves
- Distance between successive points in phase.
- At a boundary, frequency stays fixed by the source. A change of speed changes wavelength. Refraction follows from speed differences; angles are measured from the normal.
- Measure several wavelengths and divide to reduce fractional reading uncertainty. Use a ray box with a normal drawn at the boundary. Keep the beam away from eyes and record incident and refracted angles clearly.
- wavelength · 波长
- Distance between successive points in phase
- frequency · 频率
- Number of oscillations per unit time
4 · Energy resources and energy transfers
- Energy transferred per unit time.
- Define the system and useful output before calculating efficiency. Doubling speed quadruples kinetic energy at constant mass. Power describes transfer per time, not total energy.
- Measure a lifting height and load, time the lift, and record electrical input with suitable instruments. Repeat trials and account for heating or friction as transfers, not missing energy.
- Energy per mass per temperature rise.
- Temperature relates to particle motion in a model; internal energy includes kinetic and potential contributions. During a change of state, energy can change particle arrangements rather than temperature.
- Measure mass, electrical input and temperature change for an insulated block. Ensure the temperature sensor has good contact, allow time for equilibration, and consider energy transferred to the surroundings.
- power · 权力
- Energy transferred per unit time
- efficiency · 效率
- Useful output divided by total input
- specific heat capacity
- Energy per mass per temperature rise
- latent heat · 潜热
- Energy associated with a change of state
5 · Solids, liquids and gases
- Temperature on the kelvin scale.
- State which quantities stay fixed. A pressure-volume relation requires consistent units and a fixed temperature. The kelvin-based temperature ratio is an extension only where the course explicitly specifies it.
- Use approved apparatus with a temperature range and pressure limit set by the teacher. Allow thermal equilibrium and record pressure against kelvin temperature. Never heat an improvised sealed vessel.
- Energy per mass per temperature rise.
- Temperature relates to particle motion in a model; internal energy includes kinetic and potential contributions. During a change of state, energy can change particle arrangements rather than temperature.
- Measure mass, electrical input and temperature change for an insulated block. Ensure the temperature sensor has good contact, allow time for equilibration, and consider energy transferred to the surroundings.
- absolute temperature
- Temperature on the kelvin scale
- ideal gas
- A gas model with specified simplifying assumptions
- specific heat capacity
- Energy per mass per temperature rise
- latent heat · 潜热
- Energy associated with a change of state
6 · Magnetism and electromagnetism
- Creation of emf by changing flux linkage.
- Changing field strength, coil area, orientation or relative motion can change flux linkage. Lenz law describes an induced effect opposing the change producing it, consistent with energy conservation.
- Use a coil and sensitive meter to compare magnet motion in each direction. Record that a stationary arrangement gives no induced signal. Use approved low-voltage supplies for motor demonstrations.
- induction
- Creation of emf by changing flux linkage
- transformer
- A device transferring energy between coils through changing flux
7 · Radioactivity and particles
- Time for activity or undecayed population to halve.
- Subtract background counts measured over the same time interval. Distinguish irradiation from contamination. Shielding, distance and reduced exposure time can reduce risk under a school-controlled procedure.
- Use teacher-managed sources and the school radiation rules. Record count duration and repeat background measurements. Do not extrapolate a half-life from one nucleus or from uncorrected readings.
- half-life
- Time for activity or undecayed population to halve
- background radiation
- Radiation measured apart from the investigated source
8 · Astrophysics
- A stable stellar phase sustained by core hydrogen fusion.
- Read a life-cycle diagram as a model of stages and conditions, not a timed film of one star. The Sun is expected to follow the lower-mass route. Fusion combines light nuclei; it differs from fission of a heavy nucleus.
- Compare attributed stellar observations with predicted properties of each stage. Keep star, planet, galaxy and universe distinct. An orbiting body can have constant speed while its velocity changes direction.
- main sequence
- A stable stellar phase sustained by core hydrogen fusion
- white dwarf
- A compact remnant on the lower-mass stellar route
Preparing for this qualification · 备考指南
- Linear 4PH1; retain P-suffixed separate-Physics objectives and do not introduce tiers.
- Paper 1P: 110 marks, 2 h, 61.1%; Paper 2P: 70 marks, 1 h 15 min, 38.9%.
- Record the formula provision in the actual paper; retain practical and graph skills throughout.
Teaching coverage still needed · 仍需教学覆盖内容
- Full graph, force, momentum and P-extension statements remain.
- Mains safety, charge, electrostatics and circuit-energy statements remain.
- Sound, spectrum, refraction and total internal reflection statements including P extensions remain.
- Conduction/convection/radiation and resource comparisons remain.
- Use IGCSE gas variant; density, pressure and all gas-law P statements remain.
- Motor and induction objectives need complete P-extension mapping.
- Nuclide equations, fission/fusion, sources and radiation uses remain.
- Stellar evolution, universe evolution and redshift objectives remain.
Specifications and sample documents · 课程大纲和样件文件
Course materials · 课程资料
Course preparation · 课程准备
Documents are available. Board-specific notes, assessments and interactive past-paper practice are not yet available for every course. · 文档已提供。并非所有课程都具备考试局特定的注释、测评及交互式历年真题练习。
Lessons · 课程 →