Programs and processes · ⁨程序与进程⁩ — Linux & the command line

English

What is a process?

A process is a running program. Your browser, your editor, and the shell itself are all processes.
Each has a number — a PID (process ID) — that the system uses to keep track of it.
(These commands talk to the real operating system, so they aren't part of our simulator — but here is what you'll use on a real machine.)

中文

什么是进程?

进程就是一个正在运行的程序。你的浏览器、编辑器,以及 shell 本身,都是进程。
每个进程都有一个编号 —— PID(进程 ID)—— 系统用它来追踪这个进程。
(这些命令要和真实的操作系统打交道,所以不在我们的模拟器里 —— 但下面就是你在真实机器上会用到的内容。)

带 PID 的进程列表;吃掉 98% CPU 的卡死进程被 kill 停掉

English

Seeing what is running

ps lists your processes; ps aux lists all of them.
top (or the nicer htop) shows a live view that updates every second — handy to spot a program using too much CPU or memory:

Press q to quit top.

中文

查看正在运行的程序

ps 列出你的进程;ps aux 列出所有进程。
top(或更好用的 htop)显示一个实时视图,每秒刷新 —— 很适合用来揪出占用过多 CPU 或内存的程序:

top

按 q 退出 top。

English

Stopping a process

If a program is frozen, you can stop it. In the terminal, Ctrl-C stops the program running right now.
For another process, find its PID with ps and then kill it:

kill politely asks the process to stop; kill -9 forces it. Use force only as a last resort.

中文

停止一个进程

如果某个程序卡死了,你可以停掉它。在终端里,Ctrl-C 会停止当前正在运行的程序。
对于其他进程,先用 ps 找到它的 PID,然后 kill 掉它:

kill 1234

kill 是礼貌地请求进程停止;kill -9 则是强制结束。强制手段只在万不得已时才用。

English

Now you try

ps, top and kill talk to the real OS, so they are not in our simulator.
Instead, a snapshot of ps output is saved in processes.txt. Use the file tools you already know — grep and wc — to find the CPU-hog and count the processes.

中文

现在你来试

ps、top 和 kill 要和真实操作系统打交道,所以不在我们的模拟器里。
作为替代,一份 ps 输出的快照保存在 processes.txt 里。用你已经会的文件工具 —— grep 和 wc —— 找出占用 CPU 的进程并数出进程数量。

English

Common mistakes

ps lists running processes; kill stops one by its PID.
A trailing & runs a command in the background.

中文

常见错误

ps 列出运行中的进程;kill 按 PID 停止某个进程。
末尾的 & 让命令在后台运行。

You cannot run ps in this simulator, but a teammate saved its output to processes.txt (each line is PID name cpu%). Find the frozen, CPU-hogging firefox line with grep firefox processes.txt. · ⁨你没法在这个模拟器里运行 ps,但队友把它的输出保存到了 processes.txt(每行是 PID 名称 cpu%)。用 grep firefox processes.txt 找出那个卡死、占用 CPU 的 firefox 行。⁩

How many processes were running when the snapshot was taken? Count the lines with cat processes.txt | wc -l. · ⁨拍下这张快照时有多少个进程在运行?用 cat processes.txt | wc -l 数一数行数。⁩