Malware
Cyber security Lesson 2 2:10 English narration · English + 中文 subtitles burned in
Chapters
Transcript
Malware is any program written to harm a computer or steal from it, and the exam names six kinds.
恶意软件是任何为了伤害或窃取而写的程序，而考纲点了六种名字。
Six names is a list to memorise unless you group them.
六个名字如果不分组，就只是一张要背的清单。
Group one is about how they get around: virus, worm, Trojan.
第一组关心的是它们怎么传播：病毒、蠕虫、木马。
Group two is about what they steal: spyware and adware.
第二组关心的是它们偷什么：间谍软件和广告软件。
And group three is about what they demand: ransomware, on its own.
第三组关心的是它们索要什么：勒索软件，自成一组。
The distinction the exam asks about most is virus against worm.
考试问得最多的区别是病毒和蠕虫。
A virus attaches to a file: the file arrives, you open it, and only then does it run and spread.
病毒附在文件上：文件到达，你打开它，然后它才运行、才传播。
A worm has no middle box — it moves across the network by itself, with nothing to open and nobody to fool.
蠕虫没有中间那一格——它自己在网络上移动， 没有文件要打开，也不需要骗任何人。
That is why a worm spreads so fast: the Morris worm reached thousands of machines in hours.
这就是蠕虫传播得那么快的原因： 莫里斯蠕虫在几个小时里就到达了成千上万台机器。
A Trojan horse is neither of those.
木马两者都不是。
It is a disguise.
它是一层伪装。
The program really is a free video converter, and it really does convert videos — but there is something else inside it.
那个程序真的是一个免费视频转换器，也真的能转换视频—— 但它里面还藏着别的东西。
Nothing was broken into; you installed it yourself.
没有人闯进来；是你自己装上去的。
The harm is the part you did not see, which is why "download from the official source" is real advice and not just caution.
有害的是你没看见的那一部分， 这也是为什么"从官方渠道下载"是一条真正的建议，而不只是谨慎。
Ransomware encrypts your files and demands payment for the key.
勒索软件把你的文件加密，然后索要解密密钥的赎金。
It has closed hospitals and shut down companies.
它关停过医院，也让公司停摆过。
But it has one clean defence: if you can restore from a backup, the demand is empty — the attacker has nothing you need.
但它有一个干净的防御：如果你能从备份恢复，那个勒索就是空的—— 攻击者手里没有你需要的东西。
One warning though: a backup on the same machine gets encrypted too, so it has to be somewhere else.
不过有一个提醒：放在同一台机器上的备份也会被一起加密， 所以它必须放在别的地方。
Four things to take with you.
带走四点。
One: a virus attaches to a file and needs you to open it.
第一：病毒附在文件上，需要你去打开它。
Two: a worm spreads by itself across a network.
第二：蠕虫自己在网络上传播。
Three: a Trojan hides harm inside software you wanted.
第三：木马把危害藏在你本来就想要的软件里。
Four: against ransomware, backups are the real defence.
第四：对付勒索软件，备份才是真正的防御。
Now do the tasks below.
现在去做下面的题。