What Migration Did to Societies
| English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| Migrants often created ethnic enclaves | 族裔聚居区 | zú yì jù jū qū |
Migrants were mostly men
- Migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men.
- So a migration has effects at the origin as well as the destination, and the CED puts the origin first.
- Women took on farm management, trade and legal responsibility because someone had to, not because a reform granted it.
The CED's first named effect of migration happens...
Mostly-male migration left women taking on roles formerly occupied by men.
Ethnic enclaves
- Migrants often created ethnic enclaves 族裔聚居区 in different parts of the world that helped transplant their culture into new environments.
- The CED's examples: Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America and North America; Indians in East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia; Irish in North America; Italians in North and South America.
- An enclave is an institution, not just a neighbourhood: it supplies credit, work, language and mutual aid.
Select all the enclave communities the CED names.
Italians in North and South America complete the CED's list.
Receiving societies pushed back
- Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders.
- The CED names the Chinese Exclusion Act and the White Australia policy.
- So immigration restriction is part of this subtopic's content, and it is a state response as well as a social one.
Where does this effect happen?
Sort each consequence by its location.
Select all the immigration regulations the CED names.
The others are trade laws, not immigration regulation.
Migration changed the society people left, not only the one they joined. The CED's first effect is that migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles formerly occupied by men — an answer that only describes destinations has skipped the sentence the CED wrote first.
An ethnic ____ supplies credit, work, language and mutual aid, not just housing.
It is an institution, not just a neighbourhood.
Three effects, three locations
- At the origin: new roles for women. In the enclave: transplanted culture and mutual institutions. In the receiving society: prejudice and regulation.
- An answer that covers all three has covered the objective, because that is exactly how the CED divides it.
- Most answers cover only the middle one.
Match each part of "how and why" to what it names.
Most answers cover only the enclave.
"How and why" needs a mechanism
- The objective is how and why new patterns of migration affected society.
- Why is the demographic imbalance: mostly-male migration leaves a gap that someone fills.
- How is the institution: an enclave or a restriction law is the visible form the effect takes.
A village sends most of its young men abroad for wage work. Within a decade, the women running its farms are also negotiating its debts and representing it in disputes. Nothing was granted to them; the roles were vacant and the work still had to be done — which is the CED's mechanism exactly.
Migrants tended to be male, leaving women new roles formerly occupied by men at the origin. Ethnic enclaves transplanted culture — Chinese, Indian, Irish and Italian communities across several continents. Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, showing ethnic and racial prejudice and state regulation — the Chinese Exclusion Act, the White Australia policy.