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由 + Person + Verb (done by)
IntroducedYour saved position stays in this browser. Resuming does not complete the lesson or answer its questions.
Who's in charge?
- Your teacher divides the work for the class trip.
- 这次to exercise活动by由小王to be responsible for负责。 — "Xiao Wang is in charge of this event."
Task + by由 + person + Verb
- by由 + person + Verb = "by, (is done) by": it names who is responsible for a task.
- The task comes first as the topic: dinner晚饭by由me我make做 — "Dinner will be made by me."
dinner晚饭by由me我(to)来make做。
Complete: “This matter will be handled by me.” 这件事____我来处理。
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Task + 由 + person + verb.
Responsibility and composition
- meeting会议by由(college, university)…校长to take charge of主持。 — "The meeting is chaired by the head teacher."
- by由…is made up组成 = be made up of: this这个team队by由ten十个people人is made up组成。 — "The team is made up of ten people."
this这个team队of由ten十个people人is made up组成。
Build: “The team is made up of ten people.”
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由…组成 = be made up of.
by由 is not (passive: by)被
- by由 names who is responsible; (passive: by)被 reports something done to the subject, often unwelcome: he / him他(passive: by)被to criticize批评(completed / change)了.
- by由 sentences usually need no (completed / change)了 or result complement: by由he / him他to be responsible for负责.
Which says “He was criticised by the teacher”?
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Something done to someone (often unwelcome) takes 被.
by由 = from (a starting point)
- by由 can also mean "from" in writing: by由Beijing北京set off出发 — "set off from Beijing".
- due to由于 is a different word: "due to, because of".
we我们from由Beijing北京set off出发。
由北京出发 means “set off from Beijing”.
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In writing, 由 can mean “from”.
Recap
- Task + by由 + person + Verb = done by / in the charge of; by由…is made up组成 = made up of.
- by由 names responsibility; (passive: by)被 is the passive of something done to someone.
Read the full reference: HSK 4 grammar — Verb phrases.
Your teacher divides the work for the class trip. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.