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Direction complement 来 / 去 (toward / away)
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Come in, go out
- A friend knocks at your door; later your little brother runs off to play outside.
- please请to go forward进(here)来！ — "Please come in!" he他to go out出去(completed / change)了。 — "He's gone out." (here)来 is towards the speaker, (away)去 is away.
Verb + (here)来 / (away)去
- (here)来 = movement towards the speaker; (away)去 = movement away from the speaker.
- Combine with direction verbs: to come in进来/to go in进去, (after a verb, indicates…出来/to go out出去, to come up上来/to go up上去, come down下来/to go down下去, to return回来/to return回去, see 过来过来/(verb suffix)过去.
you你quickly快come down下来吧！
You are inside the room and call to your friend at the door: “Come in!” 进____！
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Movement towards the speaker takes 来.
A place goes before (here)来 / (away)去
- Verb + place + (here)来/(away)去: he他to return home回家(away)去(completed / change)了。 — "He has gone back home." fast-forward (media player)快进classroom教室(here)来！ — "Come into the classroom, quick!"
- A thing you carry can come after: he他to bring带来(completed / change)了one / a一root本the book书 / he他band带(completed / change)了one / a一root本the book书(here)来.
he他return回home家(away)去了。
Build: “Come into the classroom, quick!”
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Verb + place + 来.
The speaker decides (here)来 or (away)去
- Choose by where the speaker is: you are upstairs → to come up上来 (come up); you are downstairs → to go up上去 (go up).
- A place word never comes after (here)来/(away)去: to go forward进classroom教室(here)来, not to come in进来classroom教室.
You are on the ground floor talking about your friend upstairs: “He went up.” Which fits?
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He moved away from you (upwards), so 上去.
他进来教室了 is correct.
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The place goes before 来: 他进教室来了.
to bring拿来, band带(away)去, to send送(here)来
- Bringing and taking work the same way: please请(把: marks the object)把the book书to bring拿来。 — "Please bring the book (here)."
- I / me我to / for / give给he他to send送(away)去(completed / change)了some一些fruit水果。 — "I took some fruit over to him."
please请把the book书bring拿(here)来。
Recap
- Verb + (here)来 = towards the speaker; Verb + (away)去 = away from the speaker.
- A place goes before (here)来/(away)去 (to return home回家(away)去, to go forward进classroom教室(here)来); to bring拿来/band带(away)去 work the same way.
Read the full reference: HSK 3 grammar — Complements.
A friend knocks at your door; later your little brother runs off to play outside. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.