Respiration, ATP and energy transfers
| English | 中文 | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| respiration/ˌrespɪˈreɪʃn/ | 呼吸作用 | hū xī zuò yòng |
| ATP/ˌeɪ tiː ˈpiː/ | 三磷酸腺苷 | sān lín suān xiàn gān |
What would explain this observation?
- A muscle can use oxygen while you exercise without producing a flame. Respiration 呼吸作用 transfers energy through a controlled series of reactions.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Aerobic respiration transfers energy from glucose using oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. Energy supports movement, temperature regulation and the synthesis of larger molecules.
- respiration: Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates; ATP 三磷酸腺苷: A molecule that couples energy transfers in cells.
Why use a temperature-controlled water bath for respirometry?
Anaerobic respiration releases less energy per glucose than aerobic respiration. In human muscles it produces lactic acid; in yeast it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Breathing supplies oxygen but is not itself respiration.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Anaerobic respiration releases less energy per glucose than aerobic respiration. In human muscles it produces lactic acid; in yeast it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Breathing supplies oxygen but is not itself respiration.
- A respirometer can measure oxygen uptake when carbon dioxide is absorbed. Control temperature with a water bath and use a comparison containing inert material. Keep absorbent separated from organisms and follow the school risk assessment.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
A respirometer can measure oxygen uptake when carbon dioxide is absorbed. Control temperature with a water bath and use a comparison containing inert material. Keep absorbent separated from organisms and follow the school risk assessment.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: oxygen uptake is 0.80 cubic centimetres in 4.0 minutes for 2.0 g of tissue. Rate per mass = volume / (time × mass). Rate = 0.80/(4.0 × 2.0) = 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram. Normalizing allows a fairer comparison of samples of different mass.
0.60 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue. Find the mass-specific rate. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
0.60 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue. Find the mass-specific rate.
The result is 0.1 cm³/min/g. Known: oxygen uptake is 0.80 cubic centimetres in 4.0 minutes for 2.0 g of tissue. Rate per mass = volume / (time × mass). Rate = 0.80/(4.0 × 2.0) = 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram. Normalizing allows a fairer comparison of samples of different mass.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Breathing ventilates the lungs; respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells. A moving respirometer marker can also reflect temperature or pressure changes.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process. This claim is false: Breathing ventilates the lungs; respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells. A moving respirometer marker can also reflect temperature or pressure changes.
Respiration, ATP and energy transfers: Anaerobic respiration releases less energy per glucose than aerobic respiration. In human muscles it produces lactic acid; in yeast it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Breathing supplies oxygen but is not itself respiration.
Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process.
Breathing ventilates the lungs; respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells. A moving respirometer marker can also reflect temperature or pressure changes.
Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates: write the technical term.
respiration means Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates.