Reproductive hormones: named roles before interactions
| English | 中文 | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| testosterone/teˈstɒstərəʊn/ | 睾酮 | gāo tóng |
| ovulation/ˌɒvjʊˈleɪʃn/ | 排卵 | pái luǎn |
What would explain this observation?
- Maturing an egg, releasing it and maintaining a uterus lining are different events. Match each hormone with its stated role before interpreting a whole cycle.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- At puberty reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop. Oestrogen is the main female reproductive hormone produced by ovaries; testosterone 睾酮 is the main male hormone from testes and stimulates sperm production. Ovulation 排卵 is release of an egg from an ovary. The specification’s approximately 28-day model is a simplified cycle, not a rule that every person has the same timing.
- ovulation: Release of an egg from an ovary; testosterone: A testicular reproductive hormone stimulating sperm production.
Which hormone stimulates release of the egg in the course model?
FSH causes an egg to mature in an ovary. LH stimulates its release. Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining. An egg matures before it is released; ovulation is not fertilization or menstruation. Both-tier teaching requires these roles; the hormone interactions and graph analysis are separately Higher Tier.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- FSH causes an egg to mature in an ovary. LH stimulates its release. Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining. An egg matures before it is released; ovulation is not fertilization or menstruation. Both-tier teaching requires these roles; the hormone interactions and graph analysis are separately Higher Tier.
- Use anonymized model-cycle cards, locating ovary and uterus and placing maturation, ovulation and lining changes in order. Compare a simplified diagram with its stated assumptions. Do not collect classmates’ menstrual histories, predict individual fertility from a model or conduct a hormone experiment.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
Use anonymized model-cycle cards, locating ovary and uterus and placing maturation, ovulation and lining changes in order. Compare a simplified diagram with its stated assumptions. Do not collect classmates’ menstrual histories, predict individual fertility from a model or conduct a hormone experiment.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: a supplied model uses a 28-day cycle and marks an event 14 days after its stated start. This is half of that model interval. If a different diagram has a different length, read its labels rather than forcing the event to day 14. A classroom time fraction does not establish a contraceptive or pregnancy prediction.
A supplied 30-day model marks an event 15 days after the start. Calculate the elapsed fraction as a percentage. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
A supplied 30-day model marks an event 15 days after the start. Calculate the elapsed fraction as a percentage.
The result is 50 %. Known: a supplied model uses a 28-day cycle and marks an event 14 days after its stated start. This is half of that model interval. If a different diagram has a different length, read its labels rather than forcing the event to day 14. A classroom time fraction does not establish a contraceptive or pregnancy prediction.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- FSH and LH have different roles. Testosterone is not produced by the ovary in this course model. Variation in real cycle timing means the simplified 28-day representation is used for biological explanation rather than personal forecasting.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Ovulation is the same event as fertilization. This claim is false: FSH and LH have different roles. Testosterone is not produced by the ovary in this course model. Variation in real cycle timing means the simplified 28-day representation is used for biological explanation rather than personal forecasting.
Reproductive hormones: named roles before interactions: FSH causes an egg to mature in an ovary. LH stimulates its release. Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining. An egg matures before it is released; ovulation is not fertilization or menstruation. Both-tier teaching requires these roles; the hormone interactions and graph analysis are separately Higher Tier.
Ovulation is the same event as fertilization.
FSH and LH have different roles. Testosterone is not produced by the ovary in this course model. Variation in real cycle timing means the simplified 28-day representation is used for biological explanation rather than personal forecasting.
Release of an egg from an ovary: write the technical term.
ovulation means Release of an egg from an ovary.