International Organisations
IntroducedNew organisations, stated goals
- New international organisations, including the United Nations, formed with the stated goal of maintaining world peace and facilitating international cooperation.
- The CED writes stated goal, which is a historian's phrasing: it records the purpose claimed at founding without asserting that it was achieved.
- So an answer can examine the gap between the stated goal and the record without contradicting the CED.
Select both stated goals the CED names.
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Cooperation is the broader of the two.
Why 1945 and not 1919
- An international organisation had been tried after the first war and had not prevented the second.
- The founders of the second attempt built in the great powers rather than around them, having learned from that failure.
- So the organisation's design is itself evidence about what its founders thought had gone wrong.
The CED's phrase "stated goal" allows an answer to...
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That is better history than either praise or dismissal.
Cooperation is broader than peace
- The CED names two goals: maintaining world peace and facilitating international cooperation.
- The second covers health, refugees, aviation, postal traffic, labour standards and much else.
- So the organisations' effects on daily life may be larger and more durable than their effects on war — a defensible claim, and an interesting one.
Peace, cooperation, or the historian's caution?
Sort each element of this subtopic.
The organisation's ____ is evidence about what its founders thought had gone wrong before.
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The second attempt built in the great powers rather than around them.
"Stated goal" is the CED's careful phrasing. It records the purpose claimed at founding without asserting the purpose was achieved — so examining the gap between the stated goal and the record is entirely consistent with the CED, and is better history than either praise or dismissal.
Select all the areas covered by "international cooperation" in this lesson.
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Postal traffic and labour standards also belong; elections are domestic.
How globalisation changed states' interactions
- The objective is how and why globalisation changed international interactions among states.
- How: through permanent forums, agreed rules, and specialised agencies that outlast any one dispute.
- Why: because problems that cross borders — disease, trade, refugees, aviation — cannot be solved by a state acting alone.
This subtopic supplies the institutional half of most of unit 9.
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Epidemics, climate debates and rights declarations all needed a forum that already existed.
Connecting to the rest of unit 9
- 9.2's epidemics, 9.3's climate debates and 9.5's rights declarations all needed a forum that already existed.
- So this subtopic supplies the institutional half of nearly every other subtopic in the unit.
- An answer that links an organisation to a specific problem from elsewhere in unit 9 is doing exactly what the objective asks.
An international body's most durable work may be an agreement on air-traffic rules that no headline ever mentions. Every flight in the world depends on it, and it exists because the same problem crossed every border at once. That is facilitating international cooperation, and it is easier to evidence than maintaining world peace.
New international organisations, including the United Nations, formed with the stated goal of maintaining world peace and facilitating international cooperation. Stated goal records the founding purpose without asserting it was achieved. Cooperation is broader than peace and covers health, refugees, aviation and standards — and it supplies the institutional half of nearly every other subtopic in unit 9.
Write from the United Nations in 1945
- The League of Nations had not prevented the Second World War.
- States founded a new organisation in 1945.
What was founded, and why then?
A second world war produced a new international body.
What was founded in 1945?
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The UN followed the League's failure.