Resistance and New States
IntroducedNationalism turned against empire
- Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anticolonial movements.
- The ideas of unit 5 do not stay in Europe — a claim that a people should govern itself travels wherever the language does.
- So imperial states exported the argument that would be used against them.
Select all the forms of anti-imperial resistance the CED names.
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State creation is easy to miss and is half of the CED's sentence.
Two forms of anti-imperial resistance
- Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, including direct resistance within empires and the creation of new states on the peripheries.
- Direct resistance: Túpac Amaru II's rebellion in Peru, Samory Touré's campaigns in West Africa, the Yaa Asantewaa War, the 1857 rebellion in India.
- New states: independent states in the Balkans, the Sokoto Caliphate, the Cherokee Nation, the Zulu Kingdom.
Resistance could involve armed struggle, new states and religious movements; forms could overlap.
Select all the religiously influenced rebellions the CED names.
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The CED lists 1857 under direct resistance.
Religion supplied some of the language
- Increasing discontent with imperial rule led to rebellions, some of which were influenced by religious ideas.
- The CED's examples: the Ghost Dance in the U.S., the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement in Southern Africa, the Mahdist wars in Sudan.
- Some of which is a careful qualifier — religion is one source of resistance among several, not the general explanation.
Direct resistance, a new state, or a religiously influenced rebellion?
Sort each case by the CED's forms of resistance.
The CED says all anticolonial rebellions were religiously motivated.
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Its qualifier is some of which — religion is one source among several.
Creating a new state was itself a form of anti-imperial resistance. The CED lists it beside direct rebellion — the Sokoto Caliphate and the Zulu Kingdom were state-building projects, not only reactions. Reading resistance as always defensive misses half of the CED's sentence.
Match each factor to its type.
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The third is the interesting case: an external idea becomes an internal weapon.
Internal and external factors
- The objective asks how internal and external factors influenced state building.
- External: imperial pressure, borrowed political vocabulary, imported weapons and money.
- Internal: existing rivalries, religious authority, and the ambitions of leaders who used the moment.
Imperial states exported the ____ that would later be used against them.
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A claim that a people should govern itself travels wherever the language does.
Resistance built states too
- The CED lists the creation of new states on the peripheries as a form of resistance, which is easy to miss.
- The Sokoto Caliphate and the Zulu Kingdom are state-building projects, not only reactions.
- So an answer can use resistance as evidence for state formation, which is exactly what the objective asks about.
An imperial power teaches a colonial elite the vocabulary of national self-determination in order to administer them in it. Twenty years later the same vocabulary is quoted back in a petition for independence. The external factor and the internal one are the same sentence, read by different people.
Questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anticolonial movements. Anti-imperial resistance took various forms — direct resistance within empires (Túpac Amaru II, Samory Touré, Yaa Asantewaa, 1857 India) and the creation of new states on the peripheries (Balkans, Sokoto, Cherokee, Zulu). Some rebellions were influenced by religious ideas — Ghost Dance, Xhosa Cattle-Killing, Mahdist wars.
Write from the 1857 challenge to company rule
- Indian soldiers and civilians rose in 1857.
- The target was British company government.
What kind of action was the rising?
People inside the colony organised against the ruling company.
What did the 1857 rebellion challenge?
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The rising was aimed at colonial company government.