The Catholic Reformation
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Jesuit Order/ˈdʒezjuːɪt ˈɔːdə/ | The Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order associated with education, missionary work and Catholic reform. |
| Council of Trent/ˈkaʊnsl ɒv trent/ | A major council of the Catholic Church that clarified doctrine and introduced reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation. |
Revival and division at once
- The Catholic Reformation, exemplified by the Jesuit Order 耶稣会 and the Council of Trent 特伦特会议, revived the church but cemented division within Christianity.
- The CED's sentence carries a but: the same effort that strengthened the church made the split permanent.
- Defining doctrine clearly against a rival is what turns a dispute into two churches.
Select both effects the CED gives the Catholic Reformation.
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The same effort did both — that is what the but records.
The Jesuits: an order built for a task
- The Jesuit Order combined education, missionary work and direct obedience into a single instrument.
- Schools produce trained defenders of doctrine; missions carry the church into the territories of 1.6 to 1.8.
- So the Catholic Reformation is not only defensive — it is also the church's own expansion programme.
One reform programme, two opposite results- defining the doctrine defined who was outside it
Select all the elements the Jesuit Order combined.
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Schools produce defenders; missions carry the church overseas.
Trent: defining what was disputed
- The Council of Trent restated doctrine and reformed practice at the points reformers had attacked.
- Reforming the abuses of 2.2 removed a criticism; restating doctrine made compromise on it impossible.
- That is precisely the revived but cemented structure of the CED's sentence, in one institution.
Revival, cementing division, or continuity?
Sort each element of the Catholic Reformation.
Restating disputed doctrine at Trent had the effect of...
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Reforming the abuses removed a criticism; restating doctrine foreclosed reunion.
The CED's sentence turns on but. The Catholic Reformation revived the church and cemented division within Christianity — the same effort did both, because defining doctrine sharply against a rival is what makes a dispute permanent.
Select all the continuities in the Church's role.
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The monopoly is exactly what was lost.
Continuity and change in the Church's role
- The objective is the continuities and changes in the role of the Catholic Church from 1450 to 1648.
- Continuity: it remained a landholder, a court system, a patron of art (2.7) and a universal claim.
- Change: it lost the monopoly of 2.1, gained a defined doctrinal boundary, and acquired a global missionary role.
When the CED joins two clauses with but, only the second clause is examinable.
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False. Both clauses are examinable, and giving only one is the recurring error across this course.
Reading a but sentence
- When the CED joins two clauses with but, both are examinable and they point opposite ways.
- Revived the church is a change in capacity; cemented division is a change in the European religious map.
- An answer giving only one has taken half a sentence, which is the recurring error across this course.
A council removes an abuse that reformers had attacked, and in the same session defines the disputed doctrine in terms no reformer could accept. The first act answers the criticism; the second forecloses reunion. Both are in the CED's one sentence.
The Catholic Reformation, exemplified by the Jesuit Order and the Council of Trent, revived the church but cemented division within Christianity. The Jesuits combined education, mission and obedience; Trent reformed abuses and restated disputed doctrine. Continuity: landholding, courts, patronage, a universal claim. Change: the lost monopoly, a defined doctrinal boundary, a global missionary role.