Optional Science: data, investigations and models
| English | 中文 | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| control variable/kənˈtrəʊl ˈveərɪəbl/ | 控制变量 | kòng zhì biàn liàng |
| interpolation/ɪnˌtɜːpəˈleɪʃn/ | 内插 | nèi chā |
A decision before an answer
- Two graphs can look alike while using different axis scales. Read the numbers before comparing the effects.
- Your goal: Interpret data and graphical relationships.
Read the relationship
- Identify the independent and dependent variables, axes and units. Interpolate only within the supplied data range.
- Evaluate experimental methods and variables.
For trials differing only in temperature, the independent variable is:
Temperature is deliberately changed.
Use the defining rule
- Find which factor changes between trials and which factors remain controlled. Replication tests repeatability.
- Compare scientific arguments and predictions against evidence.
Model A predicts rise; B predicts fall. Best discriminating evidence?
An observation on the predicted variable distinguishes the models.
Check the conditions
- For conflicting viewpoints, write one prediction for each model and look for a discriminating observation.
- Compare scientific arguments and predictions against evidence.
Trial 1 uses 10 mL acid and takes 40 s; Trial 2 uses 20 mL and takes 25 s at the same temperature. More acid is associated with a shorter time here. A third trial at a hotter temperature cannot isolate the acid-volume effect.
A repeated trial checks ____.
Similar results on repeats support repeatability, not automatically causal validity.
Apply the task format
- Use the supplied scientific context. Many questions require evidence reasoning rather than recall of a specialist fact.
- Compare scientific arguments and predictions against evidence.
Science is optional for individual ACT registrations, but a school contract or target institution may require it. It is not part of the enhanced EMR Composite.
Which answer fits this case?
Interpret data and graphical relationships
A bigger-looking graph slope guarantees a larger physical rate.
Axis scales and units must be checked.
Keep the distinctions
- control variable 控制变量 — A factor kept the same in a comparison.
- interpolation 内插 — Estimating between observed values.
- Interpret data and graphical relationships.
- Evaluate experimental methods and variables.
- Compare scientific arguments and predictions against evidence.
Match each term with its precise meaning in this lesson.
Keep the distinctions stated in the teaching example.
Put this lesson’s reasoning or event sequence in order.
The order follows the stated process; check each stage before the next.