IGCSE Biology · ⁨IGCSE 생물학⁩

1.1 Characteristics of living organisms · ⁨생물체의 특징⁩ 1.2 Concept and uses of classification systems · ⁨분류 체계의 개념 및 활용⁩ 1.3 Features of organisms · ⁨생물체의 특성⁩

2.1.1 Cells · ⁨세포⁩ 2.1.2 Specialised cells and organisation · ⁨특화 세포 및 조직화⁩ 2.2 Size of specimens · ⁨표본의 크기⁩

3.1 Diffusion · ⁨확산⁩ 3.2 Osmosis · ⁨삼透 (osmosis)⁩ 3.3 Active transport · ⁨능동 운송(active transport)⁩

4.1.1 Biological molecules · ⁨생체 분자⁩ 4.1.2 Food tests · ⁨식품 테스트⁩

5.1.1 What enzymes are · ⁨효소가 무엇인지⁩ 5.1.2 Temperature and pH · ⁨온도와 pH⁩

6.1 Photosynthesis · ⁨광합성⁩ 6.2 Leaf structure · ⁨잎 구조⁩

7.1 Diet · ⁨식이⁩ 7.2 Digestive system · ⁨소화계⁩ 7.3 Physical digestion 7.4 Chemical digestion 7.5 Absorption · ⁨흡수법칙⁩

8.1 Xylem and phloem 8.2 Water uptake · ⁨물 흡수⁩ 8.3 Transpiration · ⁨증산작용⁩ 8.4 Translocation · ⁨이송⁩

9.1 Circulatory systems · ⁨순환계⁩ 9.2 Heart · ⁨심장⁩ 9.3 Blood vessels · ⁨혈관⁩ 9.4 Blood · ⁨혈액⁩

10.1.1 Pathogens and defences · ⁨병원균과 방어 기전⁩ 10.1.2 Immunity and vaccination · ⁨면역과 백신 접종⁩

11.1.1 Gas exchange surfaces · ⁨가스 교환 표면⁩ 11.1.2 Breathing and gas exchange · ⁨호흡과 가스交换⁩

12.1 Respiration · ⁨호흡⁩ 12.2 Aerobic respiration · ⁨유산소 호흡⁩ 12.3 Anaerobic respiration · ⁨무산소호흡⁩

13.1.1 Excretion and the urinary system · ⁨배설과 배뇨계⁩ 13.1.2 The nephron and urea · ⁨세립구와 요소⁩

14.1.1 The nervous system and reflexes · ⁨신경계와 반사⁩ 14.1.2 Synapses · ⁨시냅스⁩ 14.2.1 The eye · ⁨눈⁩ 14.2.2 Accommodation, rods and cones · ⁨수정체 조절, 간상세포 및 원추세포⁩ 14.3 Hormones · ⁨호르몬⁩ 14.4.1 Homeostasis and blood glucose · ⁨항균성 및 혈당⁩ 14.4.2 Controlling body temperature · ⁨체온 조절⁩ 14.5 Tropic responses · ⁨영양 반응⁩

15.1 Drugs · ⁨약물⁩

16.1 Asexual reproduction · ⁨무성 생식⁩ 16.2 Sexual reproduction · ⁨유성 생식⁩ 16.3.1 Flowers and pollination · ⁨꽃과 수분⁩ 16.3.2 Fertilisation and germination · ⁨수정과 발아⁩ 16.4.1 Human reproductive systems · ⁨인간 생식계⁩ 16.4.2 Gametes, fertilisation and pregnancy · ⁨배당자, 수정 및 임신⁩ 16.5 Sex hormones in humans · ⁨인간의 성호르몬⁩ 16.6 Sexually transmitted infections · ⁨성매개 감염증⁩

17.1.1 Chromosomes, genes and proteins · ⁨염색체, 유전자 및 단백질⁩ 17.1.2 How DNA makes proteins · ⁨DNA가 단백질을 만드는 과정⁩ 17.2 Mitosis · ⁨유분열(미토시스)⁩ 17.3 Meiosis · ⁨감수분열⁩ 17.4.1 Inheritance key words · ⁨유전학 핵심 용어⁩ 17.4.2 Monohybrid crosses · ⁨단형교배(monohybrid crosses)⁩ 17.4.3 Codominance and sex linkage · ⁨공존 유전성과 성연계 유전⁩

18.1 Variation · ⁨변이⁩ 18.2 Adaptive features · ⁨적응적 특징⁩ 18.3.1 Natural selection · ⁨자연 선택⁩ 18.3.2 Selective breeding · ⁨선별 교배⁩

19.1 Energy flow · ⁨에너지 흐름⁩ 19.2.1 Food chains and food webs 19.2.2 Trophic levels and energy loss 19.3.1 The carbon cycle · ⁨탄소 순환⁩ 19.3.2 The nitrogen cycle · ⁨질소 순환⁩ 19.4 Populations · ⁨개체군⁩

20.1 Food supply · ⁨식량 공급⁩ 20.2 Habitat destruction · ⁨서식지 파괴⁩ 20.3.1 Water pollution and eutrophication · ⁨수질 오염 및 부영양화⁩ 20.3.2 Plastics and greenhouse gases · ⁨플라스틱 및 온실가스⁩ 20.4 Conservation · ⁨보전⁩

21.1 Biotechnology and genetic modification · ⁨바이오기술 및 유전자 변형⁩ 21.2.1 Biotechnology in action · ⁨실제로 작동하는 바이오기술⁩ 21.2.2 Fermenters · ⁨발효조⁩ 21.3 Genetic modification · ⁨유전자 변형⁩