English Grammar · B1

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1 Present perfect vs past simple
- 1.1 Finished time vs unfinished
- 1.2 Signal words
- 1.3 been vs gone
Present perfect vs past simple →

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2 Present perfect continuous
- 2.1 Form (have been + V-ing)
- 2.2 Duration up to now
Present perfect continuous →

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3 Past perfect
- 3.1 Form (had + past participle)
- 3.2 The earlier of two past actions
Past perfect →

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4 used to
- 4.1 Past habits and states
- 4.2 Negatives and questions
used to →

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5 Future forms review
- 5.1 will vs be going to
- 5.2 Present continuous for arrangements
- 5.3 Time clauses (when, as soon as)
Future forms review →

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6 Conditionals
- 6.1 Zero and first conditional
- 6.2 Second conditional
- 6.3 unless
Conditionals →

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7 The passive
- 7.1 Present and past simple passive
- 7.2 by + agent
The passive →

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8 Reported speech
- 8.1 Reporting statements
- 8.2 Tense backshift
Reported speech →

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9 Relative clauses
- 9.1 who and which / that
- 9.2 where, when, whose
- 9.3 Leaving out the relative pronoun
Relative clauses →

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10 Modals of deduction
- 10.1 must and can't (sure)
- 10.2 might, may, could (possible)
Modals of deduction →

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11 Gerunds and infinitives
- 11.1 Verb + -ing
- 11.2 Verb + to-infinitive
- 11.3 -ing after prepositions
Gerunds and infinitives →

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12 too, enough, so, such
- 12.1 too and enough
- 12.2 so and such
too, enough, so, such →

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