文型（把 & 被）

このトピックがreligion教jiàoえること

The two famous constructions, taught as what they really are: (把: marks the object)把bǎ = "take it and do something to it", and (passive: by)被bèi = "got done to". Plus to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de……to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de……， to exceed越yuè……to exceed越yuè……， more and more越来越yuè lái yuè， and the question word echoing with then / just就jiù.

(把: marks the object)把bǎ: take it and …

to ask请qǐngto stand as a goalkeeper把门bǎ ménto close (a door)关上guān shàng。 (Qǐng bǎ mén guānshang.) — Please close the door.

Subject + (把: marks the object)把bǎ + Object + Verb + result — (把: marks the object)把bǎ literally means "take/grab" (it carries the hand radical "hand" radical in Chinese…扌shou), so the sentence grabs a specific, known object and says what happened to it. The verb can never stand bare — it needs a result: (把: marks the object)把bǎbook书shū放在fàng zàitable桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng ✓, (把: marks the object)把bǎ书放shū fàng ✗.

Negation goes before (把: marks the object)把bǎ： don't别bié(把: marks the object)把bǎit它tāto throw扔rēng(completed / change)了le. Feeling verbs (to like喜欢xǐ huan， want / think / miss想xiǎng， to see看见kàn jiàn) can't take (把: marks the object)把bǎ — a feeling has no result.

(passive: by)被bèi: got done to

I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèito steal偷tōu(completed / change)了le。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bèi tōu le.) — My phone got stolen.

Receiver + (passive: by)被bèi + (doer) + verb + (completed / change)了le/result — the focus flips to the receiver, and the doer is optional: I / me我wǒ(passive: by)被bèito cheat骗piàn(completed / change)了le — I was tricked. The verb can't be bare, and these sentences lean toward unfortunate events. (把: marks the object)把bǎ leads with the doer; (passive: by)被bèi leads with the victim: thief小偷xiǎo tōu(把: marks the object)把bǎcell phone手机shǒu jīto steal偷tōu(completed / change)了le ↔ cell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèismall小xiǎostealthily偷偷tōu tōu(completed / change)了le.

to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de……to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de……: some … others …

to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的deperson人rénat / in在zàito drink (alcohol)喝酒hē jiǔ，to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的deperson人rénat / in在zàito dance跳舞tiào wǔ。 — Some are drinking, some are dancing.

to have / there is有yǒu(modifier / structural particle)的de はすでにto exist存在cún zàiするグループをto cut up分割fēn gēする — 「いくつか」というvague曖昧ài mèiなcapacity量liàngをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoすsituation場合chǎng héは、to buy購gòufashionable入时rù shíto use / with用yòng some一些yī xiē (to buy买mǎisome一些yī xiēfruit水果shuǐ guǒ).

to exceed越yuè……to exceed越yuè…… と more and more越来越yuè lái yuè

to exceed越yuèto see看kànto exceed越yuèto like喜欢xǐ huan。 (Yuè kàn yuè xǐhuan.) — to appear見jiànるほどgood好hǎoきになる。

to exceed越yuè……to exceed越yuè…… はtwo二èrつの事柄shì bǐngがともにJapanese variant of 增増zēngto add加jiāすることをknot結jiéびつける（joint節jiéはdifferent異yìなるsubject (in grammar)主語zhǔ yǔをto hold持chíつこともある：you你nǐto exceed越yuèvariant of 说说shuō，he / him他tāto exceed越yuènot不bùto listen to听tīng）。 more and more越来越yuè lái yuè はone / a一yīつの事柄shì bǐngが(concept of) time時間shí jiānとともにJapanese variant of 变変biànto make into化huàしていくJapanese variant of 样様yàngを追跡zhuī jīする：weather天气tiān qìmore and more越来越yuè lái yuècold冷lěng(completed / change)了le — order次第cì dìにcold寒hánくなっている。 だんだんcold寒hánくなっている。

to ask (a question) in reply反問fǎn wènのquestion疑問yí wènword詞cí

then / just就jiùのJapanese variant of 两両liǎnglean on one side側cèでsee 胡同同tóngじquestion疑問yí wènword詞cíをto make使shǐう：who谁shéi……then / just就jiù……who谁shéi、where哪儿nǎr……then / just就jiù……where哪儿nǎr。これはcomplete完全wán quánなfreedom自由zì yóuのto show表現biǎo xiànであり、

Japanese variant of 两両liǎnglean on one side側cèの言葉yán yèはunanimous一致yí zhìしなければならない。 to test試shìしてみよう。 片付piàn fùけの一件yī jiànmatter事shìを(把: marks the object)把bǎ構文gòu wénにJapanese variant of 变変biànto exchange換huànする：(把: marks the object)把bǎtable桌子zhuō zito rub擦cāclean干净gān jìng。 トラブルを(passive: by)被bèi構文gòu wénにJapanese variant of 变変biànto exchange換huànする：I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decup杯子bēi zi(passive: by)被bèito break打破dǎ pò(completed / change)了le。

to test試shìしてみよう。 family matters家事jiā shìを「(把: marks the object)把bǎ」language文wénにJapanese variant of 变変biànto exchange換huànする： (把: marks the object)把bǎtable桌子zhuō zito rub擦cāclean干净gān jìng。 また、不運bù yùnな(after a verb, indicates…出来chū láimatter事shìを「(passive: by)被bèi」language文wénにする： I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decup杯子bēi zi(passive: by)被bèito break打破dǎ pò(completed / change)了le。 sentence: I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decup杯子bēi zi(passive: by)被bèito break打破dǎ pò(completed / change)了le。

to take note of注意zhù yì

• 「(把: marks the object)把bǎ/(passive: by)被bèi」のfront前qiánにto negate否定fǒu dìngをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoす： not / haven't没méi(passive: by)被bèito notice发现fā xiàn， not / haven't没méi(把: marks the object)把bǎschool assignment作业zuò yèto make做zuòto finish完wán.
• 「(passive: by)被bèi」verb動詞dòng cíはto negate否定fǒu dìngにto overturn傾qīngく；variant of 裸裸luǒのverb動詞dòng cíはJapanese variant of 两両liǎngsquare方fāngのstructure構造gòu zàoでcannot不可bù kěである。

to go and return復fù(bound form) to practice習xí

1. to exceed越yuè……to exceed越yuè…… vs more and more越来越yuè lái yuè — two二èrつの事柄shì bǐngか、それとも(concept of) time時間shí jiānのJapanese variant of 经経jīng(experienced action marker)過guòにpartner伴bànうone / a一yīつのことか？
2. contrary反fǎnto go and return復fùにおける then / just就jiù のJapanese variant of 两両liǎnglean on one side側cèにwhat何héMatchingさせるnecessary必要bì yàoがあるか？
3. (把: marks the object)把bǎ構文gòu wénでto negate否定fǒu dìngはどこにto install置zhìかれるか？
4. 「then / just就jiù」のJapanese variant of 两両liǎnglean on one side側cèでwhat何héとunanimous一致yí zhìしなければならないか？
5. 「(把: marks the object)把bǎ」language文wénではto negate否定fǒu dìngはどこにto install置zhìくか？

(to answer答dáえ： 1. 「(把: marks the object)把bǎ」verb動詞dòng cíにはoutcome結果jié guǒがnecessary必要bì yào—— (把: marks the object)把bǎbook书shū放在fàng zàitable桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng. 2. (passive: by)被bèi. 3. to exceed越yuè…to exceed越yuè… はtwo二èrつをvariant of 系繋jìぐ affair物事wù shì; to follow随suí时间推移shí jiān tuī yígradually逐渐zhú jiànto follow a trail追踪zhuī zōng一条yī tiáolocus轨迹guǐ jì。 4. 疑问词yí wèn cí（what什么shén me/who谁shéi/where哪儿nǎr）。 5. ……before之前zhī qián (把: marks the object)把bǎ： not / haven't没méi(把: marks the object)把bǎschool assignment作业zuò yèto make做zuòto finish完wán.)