任务一、六、十七 · Personal descriptions, requests and forms of address

このトピックがreligion教jiàoえること

person人rén々のvariant of 说説shuōbright明míng、to allow許可xǔ kěをto seek求qiúめること、そしてperson (first person…人称rén chēng代名dài míngword詞cíのto substitute代dàiわりにChina中国zhōng guóto tell to語yǔがto make使shǐわれるto address or refer to (sb)…敬称jìng chēng name名míng — plus加上jiā shàng「why?为什么wèi shén me/because因为yīn wèi」，to constitute构成gòu chéngcan / be able to能néngto reply回答huí dáall所有suǒ yǒu“why?为什么wèi shén me”(modifier / structural particle)的deto pair up配对pèi duì。

name (of a person or thing)名字míng zìfront前qián(modifier / structural particle)的deto call称呼chēng hū

王老师wáng lǎo shī (Wáng lǎoshī) — 王老师wáng lǎo shī。to / towards / correct对duìteacher教师jiào shī(typically preceded by 就……而言ér yán，regular通常tōng chángto use使用shǐ yòng“family name姓xìng + teacher老师lǎo shī”； teacher先生xiān shēng (xiānsheng) and / with和hé lady女士nǚ shì (nǚshì) to be applicable适用shì yòng(of time or place) in于yúother其他qí tāto express / indicate表示biǎo shìto respect尊敬zūn jìng(modifier / structural particle)的desituation场合chǎng hé。

to respect尊敬zūn jìng(modifier / structural particle)的deto call称呼chēng hūto hinge on取决于qǔ jué yúidentity身份shēn fènand / with与yǔcontext语境yǔ jìng，really isn't并非bìng fēiEnglish (language)英语yīng yǔ(modifier / structural particle)的dedirect (opposite: indirect…直接zhí jiēto translate翻译fān yì。 to use使用shǐ yòngname名míng(modifier / structural particle)的decircumstances情况qíng kuàng。

to describe描述miáo shùperson人物rén wù

he / him他tādegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo。 (Tā hěn gāo.) — he / him他tādegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo。

adjective形容词xíng róng cí谓语句wèi yǔ jùnot不bùto use使用shǐ yòng「to be / is是shì」：cannot不能bù néngvariant of 说说shuō he / him他tāto be / is是shìdegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo ✗（HSK 1 rule规则guī zéstill依然yī ránto be applicable适用shì yòng）。

to request请求qǐng qiúto allow许可xǔ kě、to raise (an issue)提出tí chūto request请求qǐng qiú

can / may可以kě yǐ……(yes/no ?)吗ma？ to use in用于yòng yúto inquire询问xún wènto allow许可xǔ kě：王老师wáng lǎo shī，I / me我wǒcan / may可以kě yǐto come in进来jìn lái(yes/no ?)吗ma？ (Wáng lǎoshī, wǒ kěyǐ jìnlái ma?) — 王老师wáng lǎo shī，I / me我wǒcan / may可以kě yǐto come in进来jìn lái(yes/no ?)吗ma？

to ask请qǐng…… to use in用于yòng yúcourtesy礼貌lǐ mào(adverb -ly)地deto raise (an issue)提出tí chūto request请求qǐng qiú。don't别bié…… to use in用于yòng yúto issue (an order, decree…发出fā chūto negate否定fǒu dìngorder指令zhǐ lìng：don't别biéto come in进来jìn lái — don't不要bú yàoto come in进来jìn lái。I'm sorry对不起duì bù qǐ，我来wǒ láievening晚wǎn(completed / change)了le (duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le) — to be sorry抱歉bào qiàn，I / me我wǒto arrive late迟到chí dào(completed / change)了le（to apologize道歉dào qiànto add加jiāto reach到达dào dácondition状态zhuàng tài(modifier / structural particle)的deto change改变gǎi biàn）。 come in. I'm sorry对不起duì bù qǐ，我来wǒ láievening晚wǎn(completed / change)了le (duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le) — すみません、Japanese variant of 迟遅chíれてきました（おto be surprised詫chàび to / arrive到dào(ongoing -ing)着zhe(concept of) time時間shí jiānがJapanese variant of 变変biànわったsituation場合chǎng hé）。

试一下shì yī xià。 to use / with用yòngcomplete完整wán zhěng(modifier / structural particle)的decourtesy礼貌lǐ màosentence pattern句式jù shìto request请求qǐng qiúto enter进入jìn rù：family name姓xìng + teacher老师lǎo shī，can / may可以kě yǐto come in进来jìn lái (yes/no ?)吗ma？

why?为什么wèi shén meand / with和hébecause因为yīn wèi

why?为什么wèi shén me (wèishénme) to use in用于yòng yúto question提问tí wèncause原因yuán yīn，because因为yīn wèi (yīnwèi) to use in用于yòng yú给出gěi chūreason理由lǐ yóu。to reply回答huí dáto have to必须bì xū to keep保持bǎo chíoriginally原本yuán běn(modifier / structural particle)的desociety社会shè huìcommunication交际jiāo jìintent意图yì tú——to explain说明shuō míngto arrive late迟到chí dào(modifier / structural particle)的decause原因yuán yīn，and / but而érto not be非fēito shift转移zhuǎn yísubject (of a talk or…话题huà tí。

to go and return復fù(bound form) to practice習xí

1. how如何rú héto call称呼chēng hū一位yī wèi姓王xìng wáng(modifier / structural particle)的deteacher老师lǎo shī？
2. mistake誤wùりをto revise修正xiū zhèngしてください：he / him他tāto be / is是shìdegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo。
3. どのフレームがto allow許可xǔ kěをto seek求qiúめていますか？
4. どの言葉yán yèが「why?为什么wèi shén me」のto question質問zhì wènにJapanese variant of 对対duìするto answer答dáえになりますか？

(to solve (a problem)解答jiě dá: 1. 王老师wáng lǎo shī — family name姓xìng + teacher先生xiān shēng。 2. he / him他tādegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo — to describe形容xíng róngword詞cíのfront前qiánに to be / is是shì をto install置zhìかない。) 3. can / may可以kě yǐ……(yes/no ?)吗ma？ 4. because因为yīn wèi.)