AP Environmental Science · ⁨AP Sains Lingkungan⁩

1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems · ⁨Pengantar Ekosistem⁩ 1.2 Terrestrial Biomes · ⁨Bioma Terrestrial⁩ 1.3 Aquatic Biomes · ⁨Bioma Akuatik⁩ 1.4 The Carbon Cycle · ⁨Siklus Karbon⁩ 1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle · ⁨Siklus Nitrogen⁩ 1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle · ⁨Siklus Fosfor⁩ 1.7 The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle · ⁨Siklus Hidrologis (Air)⁩ 1.8 Primary Productivity · ⁨Produktivitas Primer⁩ 1.9 Trophic Levels · ⁨Tingkat Trofik⁩ 1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule · ⁨Aliran Energi dan Aturan 10%⁩ 1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs · ⁨Rantai Makanan dan Jaring-Jaring Makanan⁩

2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity · ⁨Pengenalan Keanekaragaman Hayati⁩ 2.2 Ecosystem Services · ⁨Layanan Ekosistem⁩ 2.3 Island Biogeography · ⁨Biogeografi Pulau⁩ 2.4 Ecological Tolerance · ⁨Toleransi Ekologis⁩ 2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems · ⁨Gangguan Alamiah pada Ekosistem⁩ 2.6 Adaptations · ⁨Adaptasi⁩ 2.7 Ecological Succession · ⁨Sukses Ekologi⁩

3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species · ⁨Spesies Generalis dan Spesialis⁩ 3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species · ⁨Spesies Terpilih-K dan Terpilih-r⁩ 3.3 Survivorship Curves · ⁨Kurva Kelangsungan Hidup⁩ 3.4 Carrying Capacity · ⁨Daya Dukung⁩ 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability · ⁨Pertumbuhan Populasi dan Ketersediaan Sumber Daya⁩ 3.6 Age Structure Diagrams · ⁨Diagram Struktur Usia⁩ 3.7 Total Fertility Rate · ⁨Tingkat Fertilitas Total⁩ 3.8 Human Population Dynamics · ⁨Dinamika Populasi Manusia⁩ 3.9 Demographic Transition · ⁨Transisi Demografis⁩

4.1 Plate Tectonics · ⁨Tektonika Lempeng⁩ 4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion · ⁨Pembentukan dan Erosi Tanah⁩ 4.3 Soil Composition and Properties · ⁨Komposisi dan Sifat Tanah⁩ 4.4 Earth's Atmosphere · ⁨Atmosfer Bumi⁩ 4.5 Global Wind Patterns · ⁨Pola Angin Global⁩ 4.6 Watersheds · ⁨Daerah Aliran Air⁩ 4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth's Seasons · ⁨Radiasi Matahari dan Musim Bumi⁩ 4.8 Earth's Geography and Climate · ⁨Geografi dan Iklim Bumi⁩ 4.9 El Nino and La Nina · ⁨El Nino dan La Nina⁩

5.1 The Tragedy of the Commons · ⁨Tragedi Kepemilikan Bersama⁩ 5.2 Clearcutting · ⁨Penebangan serentak (clearcutting)⁩ 5.3 The Green Revolution · ⁨Revolusi Hijau⁩ 5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices · ⁨Dampak Praktik Pertanian⁩ 5.5 Irrigation Methods · ⁨Metode Irigasi⁩ 5.6 Pest Control Methods · ⁨Metode Pengendalian Hama⁩ 5.7 Meat Production Methods · ⁨Metode Produksi Daging⁩ 5.8 Impacts of Overfishing · ⁨Dampak Penangkapan Ikan Berlebih⁩ 5.9 Impacts of Mining · ⁨Dampak Pertambangan⁩ 5.10 Impacts of Urbanization · ⁨Dampak Urbanisasi⁩ 5.11 Ecological Footprints · ⁨Jejak Ekologi⁩ 5.12 Introduction to Sustainability · ⁨Pengenalan Keberlanjutan⁩ 5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff · ⁨Metode Mengurangi Aliran Permukaan Perkotaan⁩ 5.14 Integrated Pest Management · ⁨Pengendalian Hama Terpadu⁩ 5.15 Sustainable Agriculture · ⁨Pertanian Berkelanjutan⁩ 5.16 Aquaculture · ⁨Akuakultur⁩ 5.17 Sustainable Forestry · ⁨Perhutanan Berkelanjutan⁩

6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources · ⁨Sumber Daya Terbarukan dan Tak Terbarukan⁩ 6.2 Global Energy Consumption · ⁨Konsumsi Energi Global⁩ 6.3 Fuel Types and Uses · ⁨Jenis dan Penggunaan Bahan Bakar⁩ 6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Resources · ⁨Distribusi Sumber Energi Alam⁩ 6.5 Fossil Fuels · ⁨Bahan Bakar Fosil⁩ 6.6 Nuclear Power · ⁨Tenaga Nuklir⁩ 6.7 Energy from Biomass · ⁨Energi dari Biomassa⁩ 6.8 Solar Energy · ⁨Energi Surya⁩ 6.9 Hydroelectric Power · ⁨Listrik Tenaga Air⁩ 6.10 Geothermal Energy · ⁨Energi Geothermal⁩ 6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cell · ⁨Baterai Hidrogen⁩ 6.12 Wind Energy · ⁨Energi Angin⁩ 6.13 Energy Conservation · ⁨Konservasi Energi⁩

7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution · ⁨Polutan primer atau sekunder?⁩ 7.2 Photochemical Smog · ⁨Kabut Asam Foto-kimia⁩ 7.3 Thermal Inversion · ⁨Inversi Termal⁩ 7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates · ⁨CO2 Atmosferik dan Partikulat⁩ 7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants · ⁨Polutan Udara Dalam Ruangan⁩ 7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants · ⁨Pengurangan Polutan Udara⁩ 7.7 Acid Rain · ⁨Hujan Asam⁩ 7.8 Noise Pollution · ⁨Polusi Suara⁩

8.1 Sources of Pollution · ⁨Sumber Polusi⁩ 8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems · ⁨Dampak Manusia pada Ekosistem⁩ 8.3 Endocrine Disruptors · ⁨Pengganggu Endokrin⁩ 8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves · ⁨Dampak Manusia pada Rawa dan Hutan Bakau⁩ 8.5 Eutrophication · ⁨Eutrofikasi⁩ 8.6 Thermal Pollution · ⁨Polusi Termal⁩ 8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) · ⁨Polutan Organik Persisten (POP)⁩ 8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification · ⁨Akumulasi Hayati dan Biomagnifikasi⁩ 8.9 Solid Waste Disposal · ⁨Pembuangan Limbah Padat⁩ 8.10 Waste Reduction Methods · ⁨Metode Pengurangan Limbah⁩ 8.11 Sewage Treatment · ⁨Pengolahan Air Limbah⁩ 8.12 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) · ⁨Dosis Lethal 50% (LD50)⁩ 8.13 Dose Response Curve · ⁨Kurva Dosis-Respon⁩ 8.14 Pollution and Human Health · ⁨Polusi dan Kesehatan Manusia⁩ 8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases · ⁨Patogen dan Penyakit Infeksius⁩

9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion · ⁨Penipisan Lapisan Ozon Stratosfer⁩ 9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion · ⁨Mengurangi Penipisan Ozon⁩ 9.3 The Greenhouse Effect · ⁨Efek Rumah Kaca⁩ 9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases · ⁨Peningkatan Gas Rumah Kaca⁩ 9.5 Global Climate Change · ⁨Perubahan Iklim Global⁩ 9.6 Ocean Warming · ⁨Pemanasan Laut⁩ 9.7 Ocean Acidification · ⁨Asidifikasi Laut⁩ 9.8 Invasive Species · ⁨Spesies Invasif⁩ 9.9 Endangered Species · ⁨Spesies Terancam Punah⁩ 9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity · ⁨Dampak Manusia terhadap Keanekaragaman Hayati⁩