HSK 2 · Weather, Describing Places and Directions
HSK · HSK · HSK 2 נושא 3 2:56 קריאת קול באנגלית · תרגום אנגלי + סינית שרוף בתוך הסרטון
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תרגום טקסט
Directions that a listener can actually follow. Cong dot dot dot dao frames the route from start to end. Wang marks turning toward a direction, zuo and you are left and right, and xian zai orders the steps. The test of a good direction set is simple: a listener can draw the route and mark the landmarks, so confirm the destination and the landmarks as you speak.
The route frame is cong dot dot dot dao: cong chezhan dao xuexiao, from the station to the school, cong marking where the route starts and dao where it ends. Wang marks movement toward a direction: wang you zou, go toward the right. Two level-one tools return for scenery: li expresses the distance relation, xuexiao li wo jia hen jin, the school is very close to my home, and bi still compares, jintian bi zuotian leng, today is colder than yesterday.
Sides and insides: zuo, left; you, right; with the bian versions for on the left and on the right, and limian for inside. A relative place can use any of them. The landmark relationship rides on zai: yiyuan zai xuexiao pangbian, the hospital is next to the school, a fact the listener marks separately from the route, which is exactly how the checked example splits a route from a landmark.
Xian zai gives actions in order, and that order is what makes directions followable. Cong chezhan wang you zou, xian guo qiao, zai wang zuo zou, from the station go right, first cross the bridge, then go left. A listener can draw the route and mark the hospital separately, because the last sentence gives the landmark relationship, yiyuan zai xuexiao pangbian. Give a classmate a two-step route from the school gate to your classroom with xian zai, and check that they can draw it.
The watch-out is the relativity of lai and qu: they are not absolute compass directions but depend on a reference point, usually the speaker. From where you stand, lai is toward you and qu is away from you; from another position, the same movement swaps words. So in directions, track whose position the words are using, and the arrows stop flipping.
Pause and check both. First, cong marks where the route starts, with dao closing it. Second, you is right, with zuo left. The remaining review items: li expresses the distance relation, and xian zai orders the actions so a listener can draw them. You can now give directions a stranger can follow.