Who Was Already There · Qui était déjà là
Settlement narratives must include existing communities
- An account lists mining and ranching opportunities but says the West was empty land awaiting settlement.
- That erases American Indian nations and Mexican American communities already involved in land and resource competition. Include those actors alongside settler motives and government actions.
Why people went
- In hopes of achieving ideals of self-sufficiency and independence, migrants moved to both rural and boomtown areas of the West for opportunities, such as building the railroads, mining, farming, and ranching. Four named opportunities, and the motive is stated as an ideal: self-sufficiency and independence.
- 6.2's falling prices and railroad dependence are the reason that ideal was often not achieved.
Select all · tout four opportunities the CED names. · Sélectionnez toutes les quatre opportunités que le CED nomme.
The motive is stated as an ideal: self-sufficiency and independence. · Le motif est énoncé comme un idéal : autosuffisance et indépendance.
Competition became violent
- As migrant populations increased in number and the American bison population was decimated, competition for land and resources in the West among white settlers, American Indians, and Mexican Americans led to an increase in violent conflict. The CED names three competing groups, and it names an ecological fact — the bison population was decimated — as part of the cause.
- Destroying the bison removed the basis of an economy, which is a material cause of conflict, not only a symbolic loss.
Select all · tout three groups competing for land and resources. · Sélectionnez toutes les trois groupes en compétition pour les terres et les ressources.
Plus an ecological fact: the bison population was decimated. · Plus un fait écologique : la population de bisons a été décimée.
What the government did
- The U.S. government violated treaties with American Indians and responded to resistance with military force, eventually confining American Indians to reservations and denying tribal sovereignty. The CED states this plainly: violated treaties, military force, confining, denying tribal sovereignty.
- These policies restricted tribal sovereignty; they did not end Native political activity or every later negotiation.
A motive, a cause of conflict, or a response? · Un motif, une cause de conflit ou une réaction ?
Sort each element of western settlement's human side. · Classez chaque élément du côté humain de la colonisation de l'Ouest.
Select all · tout the government actions the CED states. · Sélectionnez toutes les actions gouvernementales que le CED mentionne.
3.10's ambiguous relationship ends in denial, not resolution. · La relation ambiguë de 3.10 se termine par un refus, pas une résolution.
The CED puts agency first even in the sentence about assimilation policy. Many American Indians preserved their cultures and tribal identities despite government policies promoting assimilation, and they attempted to develop self-sustaining economic practices — the obstacle is named, and what people did is still the subject.
Select both · les deux things many American Indians did despite assimilation policies. · Sélectionnez les deux choses que beaucoup d'Amérindiens ont faites malgré les politiques d'assimilation.
The CED puts the agency first in the sentence. · Le CED place l'agence en premier dans la phrase.
And what native nations did
- Many American Indians preserved their cultures and tribal identities despite government policies promoting assimilation, and they attempted to develop self-sustaining economic practices. Two actions: preserved · préservé cultures and identities, and attempted to develop self-sustaining economic practices.
- Despite names the obstacle — policies promoting assimilation — and the CED still puts the agency first in the sentence.
The decimation of the bison is a cause of conflict because it... · La décimation des bisons est une cause de conflit car elle...
A material cause, not only a symbolic loss. · Une cause matérielle, pas seulement une perte symbolique.
The human half of settlement
- 6.3 answers the same objective as 6.2, from the side of the people involved. Causes: an ideal of independence, four kinds of opportunity, and a bison population destroyed.
- Effects: violent competition among three groups, treaties violated, reservations, and cultures preserved anyway.
Destroy the animal an economy is built on and you have not merely taken a resource; you have removed the possibility of independence from the people who depended on it. The conflict that follows is about survival, not preference.
Carry the reasoning to a new case
- Link bison loss to material pressures, and distinguish government assimilation policies from Native peoples' responses.
- Preservation of cultures shows agency without implying the policies had no effects.
Match each element to its explanatory role.
The causal account includes multiple actors; opportunities do not imply an unoccupied landscape.
In hopes of achieving ideals of self-sufficiency and independence, migrants moved to both rural and boomtown areas of the West for opportunities, such as building the railroads, mining, farming, and ranching. As migrant populations increased... and the American bison population was decimated, competition for land and resources... among white settlers, American Indians, and Mexican Americans led to an increase in violent conflict. The U.S. government violated treaties..., confining American Indians to reservations and denying tribal sovereignty, yet many American Indians preserved their cultures and tribal identities despite government policies promoting assimilation.