Evaluate an argument without overclaiming
Separate a necessary condition, evidence, and conclusion.
Recall useful words
Choose a skill. Try recalling before revealing help. Your own review choices schedule the next practice on this device; they are not automatic assessments.
必要
必要 · bìyào · necessary
这是必要条件。
充分
充分 · chōngfèn · sufficient
证据不充分。
审核
审核 · shěnhé · review / approval process
申请需要审核。
相关
相关 · xiāngguān · related / correlated
两者相关。
推断
推断 · tuīduàn · infer
不能直接推断。
Listen for a detail
Does approval alone guarantee participation?
Show script, meaning, and explanation
通过审核只是报名条件之一。申请者还必须在周五前登记，否则不能参加。
Approval is only one condition. Applicants must also register before Friday, otherwise they cannot join.
还必须……登记 adds a further requirement.
If you use the script, this becomes supported reading. Close the script and replay the recording when you are ready.
Read a different account
只有通过审核，申请者才能参加项目，但通过审核后仍需完成登记。报告还发现，参加者的阅读时间与成绩相关。然而，参加者可能原本就更愿意学习，因此不能仅凭这一结果断定项目导致了成绩提高。
Show English meaning
Approval is necessary to join, but registration is also required. Reading time correlates with results, yet participants may already be motivated. This evidence alone cannot establish that the programme caused improvement.
Why is the causal conclusion uncertain?
Show the answer and why
Participants may already be motivated — The report supplies motivation as an alternative explanation.
Speak with a new detail
Explain the application requirements to a partner. Then discuss why the reported correlation does not settle causation.
Try without reading. Work with a partner or make a private recording and listen back. Check the message and the response to your partner; pronunciation needs actual speech.
Show one model
审核是必要条件，但还要登记。阅读时间与成绩相关，不等于项目一定造成成绩提高。
Write and revise
Write a paragraph explaining what the evidence supports and what remains uncertain.
Show a model and self-review checklist
报告表明阅读时间与成绩相关，但参与者原有的学习动机可能影响结果。因此，现有证据不足以证明项目造成成绩提高，还需要控制其他因素的比较。
- Preserve necessity without claiming sufficiency.
- Distinguish correlation from causation.
- Name the stated alternative explanation.
Your writing is not uploaded or automatically graded. Several responses may fit the task.
Remember for next time
Do not replace 可能 with 一定 or 相关 with 导致 when summarising. Those changes strengthen the claim beyond the source.
Tomorrow, recall two words and try the speaking task with a new detail. A few days later, revisit the listening without its script.
Teacher and partner guidance
Model the goal, then let the learner attempt it. Check understanding of the spoken passage with the script hidden. Use the writing checklist to discuss meaning and structure; use actual speech to observe intelligibility and interaction. These public tasks are formative and must not be reused as unseen tests.